Iqela lemiboniso bhanyabhanya yezenzululwazi kunye neencwadi zoncwadi ziye zasikhanyisela kwingcamango yendlela ekunokwenzeka ngayo ukuyeka ukuphila ixesha elifutshane ngaphandle kokunikezela ekufeni, uze ubuyele ebomini ukuze ube nokungqina ihlabathi elizayo. Kodwa isibakala sokuba, kubantu behlabathi lokwenene, ezo zinto ziseyingcamango nje entsonkothileyo. Kodwa kwakukho iintshulube ezimbini kwi-petri-dish ezaphule lo mthetho usisiseko wengcinga yethu yemveli.
Ngokutsho Amaxesha eSiberia, oososayensi abavela kumaziko amane aseRussia, besebenzisana neYunivesithi yasePrinceton yaseMelika, bahlalutya ezinye zeentshulube zangaphambi kwembali yeArctic nematode kwaye bafumanisa ukuba iindidi ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zezi ntshulube - ezafunyanwa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zaseSiberia - zisabonisa iimpawu zobomi emva kokuba zivalelwe emkhenkceni malunga neminyaka engama-42,000!
Iziphumo zabo ezimangalisayo, ezipapashwe kwi NgoMeyi ka-2018 kwiphephancwadi i-Doklady Biological Sciences, imele ubungqina bokuqala bezinto eziphilayo ezininzi ezibuyela ebomini emva kokulala ixesha elide kwi-Arctic permafrost, ukumisa kumkhenkce onzulu ukususela Pleistocene.
Nangona i-nematodes okanye eyaziwa njengeentshulube ezingqukuva zincinci- ziqhelekile malunga ne-1 millimeter ubude - zaziwa ngokuba nesakhono esincomekayo. Abanye bafunyanwa bephila kwi-1.3 yeekhilomitha ngaphantsi komphezulu woMhlaba, nzulu kunabo nabuphi na obunye ubomi be-multicellular. Ezinye iintshulube ezihlala kwisiqithi esikuLwandlekazi lwaseIndiya zinokuphuhla omnye kwemilomo emihlanu eyahlukeneyo, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lokutya olukhoyo. Abanye baqhelaniswa nokukhula ngaphakathi kwamathumbu e-slug kwaye bahambe kuhola wendlela omtyibilizi we-slug poop.
Kuphononongo lwabo olunzulu, abaphandi bahlalutya iisampulu ezingama-300 zediphozithi ze-Arctic permafrost, apho iidiphozithi ezimbini zibambe iinematode ezininzi ezigcinwe kakuhle. Isampuli enye yaqokelelwa kumgodi wefosili kufuphi noMlambo iAlazeya kumntla-mpuma weYakutia, eRashiya. Ezi diphozithi ziqikelelwe ukuba zimalunga nama-32,000 eminyaka ubudala. Esinye isampulu se-permafrost savela kuMlambo i-Kolyma kumntla-mpuma weSiberia, kwaye ezi zidiphozithi zazimalunga nama-42,000 eminyaka ubudala. Bamele iintlobo ezimbini ezaziwayo ze-nematode: IPanagrolaimus detritophagus kwaye IPlectus parvus.
Iinematodes, emva kokuba zisusiwe kwi-permafrost, zanyibilika kancinane kwizitya ze-petri kwaye zabekwa kwiinkcubeko kwi-68ºF (20ºC) kunye ne-agar kunye nokutya, emva koko konke abaphandi kwakufuneka balinde. Baqala ukubonisa iimpawu zobomi, ukuhamba kunye nokutya emva kweeveki ezimbalwa, okwenza oku bubungqina bokuqala "bendalo ye-cryopreservation" yezilwanyana ezininzi, ngokutsho kophando.
Nangona kunjalo, i-nematodes yayingeyiyo into yokuqala ephilayo ukuvuka ukusuka kwiwaka leminyaka ekumisweni komkhenkce. Ngaphambili, elinye iqela lezazinzulu lalichonge intsholongwane enkulu eyaphinda yaphinda yaphila emva kokuchitha iminyaka engama-30,000 ingumkhenkce kwi-permafrost yaseSiberia- kuyothusa ngokwaneleyo ukuva nje ezi ndaba. Kodwa ungothuki, ii-amoeba kuphela kwesidalwa esichatshazelwe ngulo mhlaseli wakudala.
Ngelishwa, asinakho ukwenza udliwanondlebe neentshulube ezineminyaka engama-40,000 ukubuza ukuba kwakunjani emhlabeni ngelo xesha, kodwa impumelelo ebubhanxa yayinokutyhila iindlela ezazisenziwa kwiimatodes zakudala ezabenza bakwazi ukusinda kubanda kangako; Ukubonisa indlela olo lungelelwaniso lunokuba nefuthe ngayo kwiindawo ezininzi zesayensi, "ezinje nge-cryomedicine, cryobiology, kunye ne-astrobiology," baqukumbela ngelitshoyo abaphandi.
