Ezantsi komphezulu wolwandle kukho isidalwa esingaqhelekanga esiye sabangela umdla kwizazinzulu saza sathimba ingcamango yabaninzi: iingwane. Idla ngokujongwa njengezinye zezona zininzi izidalwa ezingaqondakaliyo nezikrelekrele kwizilwanyana, izakhono zabo ezizodwa kunye nenkangeleko yangaphandle iye yakhokelela kwiithiyori ezixhokonxa iingcinga ezithandabuza imvelaphi yazo. Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba ezi cephalopods ezintsonkothileyo ziyinyani abahambi bamandulo ukusuka ngaphandle? Eli bango linesibindi lifumene ingqalelo kutshanje ngenxa yamaphepha amaninzi enzululwazi aphakamisa imvelaphi engaphandle komhlaba kwezi zidalwa zaselwandle zinomdla.
Ukuqhuma kweCambrian kunye nokungenelela kwamanye amazwe
Ingcamango yokuba iingwane Izinto zangaphandle Isenokuvakala ngathi yintsomi yenzululwazi, kodwa iqumrhu elikhulayo lophando liye lazikhanyisela kwizinto ezikhethekileyo. Ngelixa imvelaphi echanekileyo ye-cephalopods ihlala ingumxholo wengxoxo, iimpawu zabo ezingaqhelekanga, ezibandakanya iinkqubo ze-nervous ezintsonkothileyo, ubuchule obuphambili bokusombulula iingxaki, kunye nobuchule bokutshintsha imilo, buphakamise imibuzo enomdla.
Ngoko ke, ukuze siqonde ingxabano yokuba i-octopus ingabaphambukeli, kufuneka siqale sihlolisise Ukuqhuma kweCambrian. Esi siganeko sendaleko, esenzeka malunga nezigidi ezingama-540 kwiminyaka eyadlulayo, saphawula ukwahlukana okukhawulezayo kunye nokuvela kweendlela ezintsonkothileyo zobomi eMhlabeni. Izazinzulu ezininzi ziye zacebisa ukuba oku Ukudubula kobomi kunokubalelwa kungenelelo lwangaphandle komhlaba, kuneenkqubo zasemhlabeni kuphela. A iphepha lezenzululwazi Icebisa ukuba ukubonakala ngequbuliso kweengwane kunye nezinye ii-cephalopods ngeli xesha kunokuba bubungqina obuphambili obuxhasa oku. ingcamango yangaphandle.
I-Panspermia: Ukuhlwayela ubomi emhlabeni
Ingqikelelo ye-panspermia yenza isiseko sombono wokuba iingwane zingaphandle. I-Panspermia iqikelela ukuba ubomi eMhlabeni bavela kwimithombo engaphandle komhlaba, ezifana ne-comet okanye i-meteorites ethwele iziseko zobomi. Ezi Abahambi be-cosmic babenokwazisa iindlela ezintsha zobomi, kubandakanywa iintsholongwane kunye ne-microorganisms, kwiplanethi yethu. Eli phepha licebisa ukuba ii-octopus kusenokwenzeka ukuba zafika eMhlabeni njengamaqanda e-cryopreserved, ahanjiswa ziibholide ezinomkhenkce kumakhulu ezigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo.
Iziphazamiso emthini wobomi
Iingwane zineseti yeempawu ezingaqhelekanga ezibenza bagqame phakathi kwezinye izidalwa. Iinkqubo zabo zemithambo-luvo eziphucuke kakhulu, iindlela zokuziphatha ezintsonkothileyo, nobuchule obuntsonkothileyo bokufihla izinto ziye zadida izazinzulu kangangeminyaka. Ngokutsho kwezazinzulu, ezi mpawu ezizodwa kunzima ukuchaza kuphela ngeenkqubo eziqhelekileyo zokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Bacebisa ukuba ii-octopus zinokuba zifumene ezi mpawu ngokuboleka imfuza kwikamva elikude okanye, ngokumangalisayo, ukusuka. imvelaphi yangaphandle.
Umbuzo wokuntsonkotha kwemfuza
Ubume bemfuzo be-cephalopods njengeengwane kunye nesquids ziveze izinto ezididayo ngakumbi. ithiyori yasemzini. Ngokungafaniyo nezidalwa ezininzi eMhlabeni, ezinekhowudi yemfuza yenziwe DNA, I-cephalopods inesakhiwo esisodwa semfuzo esisebenzisa ukuhlelwa kwe-RNA njengendlela enkulu yokulawula. Oku kubangela ukuba izazinzulu zikholelwe ukuba ukuntsonkotha kwekhowudi yemfuza kusenokuba kwazivelela ngokuzimeleyo okanye kunokunxulunyaniswa Umnombo wamandulo owahlukileyo kwezinye iintlobo zobomi eMhlabeni.
Imbono yomntu othandabuzayo kwi-alien octopus hypothesis
Ngelixa imbono yokuba iingwane zibe ngabaphambukeli ichulumancisa, akuyi kuba bubulumko ukucinga ukuba amabango achazwe kula maphepha enzululwazi achanekile ngaphandle kokuwaphonononga. Izazinzulu ezininzi zihlala zingathandabuzeki, zikhomba ubuthathaka obuninzi kwi-hypothesis. Enye yezinto eziphambili zokugxeka kukungabikho kophononongo olunzulu kwi-cephalopod biology kwezi zifundo. Ukongeza, ubukho be-octopus genomes kunye nobudlelwane bazo bokuzivelela kwezinye iintlobo zezilwanyana zicela umngeni kwimbono ye imvelaphi yangaphandle.
Ngaphaya koko, i-octopus genetics ibhenela kwimbali yabo yokuzivelela eMhlabeni kwaye iyayiphikisa ucingelo lwangaphandle. Uphononongo lubonise ukuba i-octopus genes ihambelana nokuqonda kwethu kwangoku ngendaleko yomhlaba, ecebisa ukwahluka kancinci kookhokho babo besquid malunga ne-135 yezigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo. Ezi ziphumo zibonisa ukuba iimpawu ezizodwa ezibonwa kwi-octopus zinokuchazwa ngeenkqubo zendalo kunokuba ungenelelo lwangaphandle.
Ukuntsonkotha kwemvelaphi yobomi
Umbuzo ngemvelaphi yobomi ngomnye weyona mibuzo inzulu iimfihlakalo kwisayensi. Ngelixa i-alien octopus hypothesis yongeza i-twist enomdla kubukho bayo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqwalasela umxholo obanzi. Izazinzulu ziye zacebisa iithiyori ezahlukeneyo, ezifana ne-abiogenesis kunye ne-hydrothermal vent hypotheses, ukucacisa ukuvela kobomi eMhlabeni.
Ngelixa ezinye izazinzulu zicebisa ukuba iimpawu ezingaqhelekanga zesquids kunye neengwane zinokunxulunyaniswa nokuziqhelanisa okumangalisayo neendawo ezihlala kuzo. Abanye bathi ezi mpawu zikhethekileyo ziye zavela ngokuziphendukela kwemvelo okufanayo, apho iintlobo ezingahambelaniyo zivelisa iimpawu ezifanayo ngenxa yoxinzelelo olufanayo lokukhetha. Ukukhangelwa kweempendulo kusaqhubeka, yaye ingcamango yengwane engaqhelekanga isahleli ibubungqina bokuntsonkotha kwemvelaphi yobomi.
Ubukrelekrele beCephalopod
I-Cephalopods, ezibandakanya i-octopus, i-squids, kunye ne-cuttlefish, ziyaziwa ngobukrelekrele bazo obumangalisayo. Banenkqubo ye-nervous ephuhliswe kakhulu kwaye iingqondo ezinkulu ngokumalunga nobukhulu bomzimba wabo. Ezinye zezakhono zabo eziphawulekayo zengqondo ziquka:
Izakhono zokuxazulula iingxaki: I-Cephalopods iye yabonwa ukuxazulula iipuzzle eziyinkimbinkimbi kunye ne-mazes, ebonisa amandla abo okucwangcisa kunye nokwenza izicwangciso zokufumana umvuzo.
Ukusetyenziswa kwesixhobo: Iingwane, ngakumbi, ziye zabonwa kusetyenziswa amatye, amaqokobhe ekhokhonathi, kunye nezinye izinto njengezixhobo. Banokuguqula izinto ukuze zihambelane neemfuno zabo, njengokuvula iingqayi ukuze bafumane ukutya.
I-Camouflage kunye nokulinganisa: IiCephalopods zinobuchule obuphuhlileyo bokufihla, obubavumela ukuba batshintshe ngokukhawuleza umbala wabo wolusu kunye nepateni ukuze badibane nendawo ezingqongileyo. Basenokuxelisa inkangeleko yezinye izilwanyana ukuze bagxothe amarhamncwa okanye batsale amaxhoba.
Ukufunda kunye nememori: I-Cephalopods ibonise amandla okufunda anomdla, ngokukhawuleza ukulungelelanisa kwiindawo ezintsha kunye nokukhumbula iindawo ezithile kunye neziganeko. Basenokufunda ngokuqwalasela, ngokufumana izakhono ezitsha ngokubukela amanye amalungu ohlobo lwabo.
Unxibelelwano: I-Cephalopods inxibelelana ngemiqondiso eyahlukeneyo, njengokutshintsha kombala wesikhumba kunye nepateni, ukuma komzimba, kunye nokukhutshwa kwemiqondiso yeekhemikhali. Basenokubonisa imiboniso yezoyikiso okanye izilumkiso kwezinye ii-cephalopods.
Kukholelwa ukuba i-squids ayinangqondo kancinane kune-octopus kunye ne-cuttlefish; kunjalo, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo squid zentlalo kakhulu ngakumbi kwaye ubonise unxibelelwano lwezentlalo enkulu, njl, ekhokelela abanye abaphandi bagqibezela ukuba squids zilingana nezinja ngokwemiqathango yobukrelekrele.
Ukuntsokotha nokucotha kobukrelekrele be-cephalopod kusafundwa, kwaye uphando olongezelelweyo luyafuneka ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo ubungakanani bezakhono zabo zokuqonda.
Iingwane njengemizekelo yobukrelekrele yangaphandle
Nokuba yeyiphi na imvelaphi, iingwane zinika ithuba elikhethekileyo lokufunda ubukrelekrele obunokwahluka kakhulu kobethu. Ubukrelekrele babo obasasazwayo, kunye neeneurons ezisasazeke kwiingalo zabo kunye neesuckers, imiceli mngeni yokuqonda kwethu ukuqonda. Izazinzulu ezifana noDominic Sivitilli kwiDyunivesithi yaseWashington baphonononga ubucukubhede be-octopus intelligence ukuze bafumane ulwazi malunga nendlela ubukrelekrele obunokubonakala ngayo kwezinye iiplanethi. Ngokufunda iingwane, sinokufumanisa imilinganiselo emitsha yokuntsokotha kwengqondo.
Imida yenzululwazi kunye nentelekelelo
I-octopus hypothesis yangaphandle inqumla umgca phakathi kophando lwezenzululwazi kunye noqikelelo. Ngelixa ivusa umdla kwaye imema okunokwenzeka okucingelwayo, ayinabo ubungqina obuqinileyo obufunekayo ukuze yamkelwe ngokubanzi kuluntu lwezenzululwazi. Njengayo nayiphi na i-hypothesis esisiseko, uphando olongezelelweyo kunye neenkcukacha zobungqina ziyimfuneko ukuxhasa okanye ukuphikisa la mabango. Inzululwazi iyakhula ngokuthandabuza, uvavanyo olungqongqo, kunye nokusukela ngokuqhubekayo ulwazi.
Iingcamango zokugqibela
Ingcamango yokuba iingwane abaphambukeli abavela ngaphandle yingcinga enika umdla etyhala imida yokuqonda kwethu. Ngelixa amaphepha enzululwazi aphakamisa le ngqikelelo efumene ingqwalasela, asimele silibale ukuba kufuneka sisondele kuyo ngengqondo egxekayo - uninzi. iimfihlelo malunga nemvelaphi kunye nendaleko iicephalopods zihlala zingasonjululwanga.
Ubungqina obuthiwe thaca kula maphepha budibana nokuthandabuza kweengcali ezibonisa ukunqongophala kobungqina obubambekayo. Nangona kunjalo, indalo entsonkothileyo yeengwane iyaqhubeka ikhuthaza uphando lwezenzululwazi, isinika umbono weentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo kunye nonxibelelwano lwazo, ukuba lukhona, kubunzulu bendawo engaphandle.
Njengoko sityhila i iimfihlelo zendalo iphela kwaye phonononga ubunzulu bolwandle lwethu, ukubakho kokudibana nobukrelekrele bamanye amazwe kuhlala kumnandi. Nokuba iingwane okanye hayi izidalwa zangaphandle, ziyaqhubeka zithimba intelekelelo yethu yaye zisikhumbuza ngokuntsonkotha okumangalisayo nokumangalisayo kwendalo esiphila kuyo.
Emva kokufunda malunga nemvelaphi engaqondakaliyo ye-octopus, funda malunga ne I-Immortal Jellyfish inokubuyela ebutsheni bayo ngokungenasiphelo, uze ufunde malunga Izidalwa ezingama-44 ezingaqhelekanga emhlabeni ezineempawu ezifana nezasemzini.
