Ukuhamba kwabantu bewela uLwandle lwaseBering besuka kuMntla Asia ukuya kuMntla Melika yinto eyaziwayo kakhulu kwimbali yoluntu. Nangona kunjalo, ukwakheka kwemfuza yabantu ababehlala kuMntla Asia ngeli xesha kuye kwahlala kungaqondakali ngenxa yenani elilinganiselweyo lee-genomes zakudala ezihlalutyiweyo kulo mmandla. Ngoku, abaphandi abanika ingxelo kwi-Biology yangoku nge-12 kaJanuwari bachaza i-genomes ukusuka kubantu abalishumi ukuya kuthi ga kwi-7,500 yeminyaka ubudala enceda ukuvala isithuba kwaye ibonise ukuhamba kofuzo kubantu abahamba kwelinye icala ukusuka kuMntla Melika ukuya kuMntla Asia.
Uhlalutyo lwabo lutyhila iqela elingachazwanga ngaphambili labantu baseSiberia baseHolocene ababehlala kwingingqi yeNeolithic Altai-Sayan, kufutshane nalapho iRashiya, iChina, iMongolia, neKazakhstan zidibana khona. Idatha yofuzo ibonisa ukuba babeyinzala yabantu be-paleo-Siberian kunye ne-Ancient North Eurasian (ANE).
UCosimo Posth kwiYunivesithi yaseTübingen, eJamani uthi: “Sichaza abantu abangabazingeli nabaqokeleli ababengaziwa ngaphambili eAltai kwasekuqaleni kweminyaka engama-7,500 XNUMX ubudala, engumxube phakathi kwamaqela amabini ahlukeneyo awayehlala eSiberia ngeXesha Lomkhenkce lokugqibela.” kunye nombhali ophezulu wesifundo. "Iqela labazingeli base-Altai libe negalelo kubantu abaninzi ababephila ngexesha elinye nabalandelayo kulo lonke elase-Asiya kuMntla we-Asiya, bebonisa ukuba kwakukhulu kangakanani ukushukuma kolu luntu lufuna ukutya."
I-Posth iphawula ukuba ummandla we-Altai uyaziwa kumajelo njengendawo apho iqela elitsha le-archaic hominin, i-Denisovans, lifunyenwe. Kodwa lo mmandla ukwabalulekile kwimbali yoluntu njengendawo enqumlayo yeentshukumo zabemi phakathi komntla weSiberia, uMbindi weAsia, kunye neMpuma yeAsia kwinkulungwane yeminyaka.
I-Posth kunye noogxa baxela ukuba i-gene pool ekhethekileyo abayityhilileyo inokumela owona mthombo ufanelekileyo kubantu abanxulumene ne-ANE abathe banegalelo kumaqela eBronze Age ukusuka eMntla nakwi-Inner Asia, njengabazingeli-abaqokeleli beLake Baikal, abalusi abanxulumene ne-Okunevo, kunye neTarim. Basin mummies. Baye batyhila imvelaphi yamandulo yaseMntla-mpuma ye-Asiya (ANA) ngokunjalo-eyayichazwe ekuqaleni kubazingeli be-Neolithic abavela kwiMpuma Ekude yaseRashiya-kwenye i-Neolithic Altai-Sayan ehambelana neempawu zenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo.
Iziphumo zibonakalisa ukusasazeka kwe-ANA malunga neekhilomitha ezili-1,500 ukuya ngasentshona kunokuba bekukhe kwabonwa ngaphambili. KwiMpuma Ekude yaseRashiya, bachonge abantu abaneminyaka engama-7,000 ubudala abanenzala enxulumene noJomon, bebonisa unxibelelwano namaqela abazingeli abaqokeleli abavela kwiArchipelago yaseJapan.
Iinkcukacha zikwahambelana nezigaba ezininzi zokuhamba kofuzo ukusuka kuMntla Merika ukuya kumntla-mpuma weAsia kwiminyaka engama-5,000 edluleyo, ukuya kufikelela kuSingasiqithi weKamchatka nakumbindi weSiberia. Abaphandi baqaphela ukuba iziphumo ziqaqambisa abantu abaninzi abanxibeleleneyo kulo lonke elaseMntla Asia ukusuka kwiHolocene yokuqala ukuya phambili.
"Eyona nto indimangalisa kakhulu isuka kumntu owayephila ngexesha elifanayo nabanye abazingeli be-Altai kodwa eneprofayili eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo, ebonisa ubudlelwane bemfuza kubantu abahlala kwiMpuma Ekude yaseRashiya," utshilo uKe Wang eFudan. IYunivesithi, iChina, kunye nombhali okhokelayo wesifundo. Okubangel’ umdla kukuba, lo mntu waseNizhnetytkesken wafunyanwa kumqolomba owawunezinto zokungcwaba ezityebileyo ezinempahla yonqulo nezinto ezitolikwa njengezibonisa ubushamanism.”
UWang uthi oku kufunyanisiweyo kuthetha ukuba abantu abaneeprofayili ezahlukeneyo kunye nemvelaphi babehlala kwindawo enye ngexesha elinye.
“Akukacaci ukuba umntu waseNizhnetytkesken wayesuka kude okanye abantu asuka kubo babekufutshane na,” utshilo. "Nangona kunjalo, iimpahla zakhe zamangcwaba zibonakala zahlukile kunezinye iimeko zenzululwazi ngezakudala ezibonisa ukuhamba kwabantu abahlukeneyo ngokwenkcubeko kunye nemfuza kwingingqi yaseAltai."
Idatha yemfuza evela eAltai ibonisa ukuba iNorth Asia yayinamaqela aqhagamshelene kakhulu kwiminyaka eyi-10,000 eyadlulayo, kwimigama emide yejografi. "Oku kubonisa ukuba ukufuduka kwabantu kunye nezinto ezixubeneyo yayiyinto eqhelekileyo kwaye ingeyonto ikhethekileyo nakwimibutho yamandulo yabazingeli," utshilo uPosth.
Iinkcukacha ezithe xaxe: Ke Wang et al, Middle Holocene Siberian genomes iveza i-gene pool eqhagamshelene kakhulu kulo lonke elaseMntla Asia, iBiology yangoku (2023).
