Intsomi yezigebenga njengabemi bokuqala bamazwe yintsomi eqhelekileyo ekwabelwana ngayo ziinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo kwihlabathi liphela. Abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba izigebenga zazikhe zazula-zula eMhlabeni ngelixa abanye bengaqinisekanga kangako ngobu bukho bungaqhelekanga. Inzululwazi yamkela izigebenga kodwa ngenye indlela ebizwa 'igigantis'. Kwaye kuyinyani ukuba abembi bezinto zakudala abaqhelekileyo abazange bamkele kwaye abazange bafumane naziphi na iintsalela ezibizwa ngokuba 'ziingxilimbela zamandulo'. Kodwa ngaba oku kuyinyaniso ngokupheleleyo?
Ngo-Matshi 2012, isiqwengana seendaba ezichukumisayo sapapashwa luhlelo lwesiJamani lweBild eyayichaza ukuba iintsalela zesigebenga zafunyanwa kummandla waseYiputa. Yayingumnwe ocolekileyo wesidalwa esifana nomntu, kodwa ubugqwesa lee ubukhulu baso.
Umnwe omkhulu waseYiputa
Umnwe omkhulu wase-Egypt ufikelela kumasentimitha angama-38 ubude. Ukuthelekisa ubungakanani, kukho imali engamaphepha ecaleni kwayo. Ngokwapapasho, iifoto zibhalwe ngo-1988, kodwa zazinikwa okokuqala, ngapha koko, zenzelwe eli phephandaba laseJamani.
Ezi foto zithathwe ngusomashishini waseSwitzerland kunye nomntu othanda imbali yase-Egypt yakudala, uGregor Spoerri. Ngokutsho kwakhe, ngo-1988 omnye wabanikezeli babucala base-Egypt wathembisa ngokulungiselela intlanganiso nomphangi wamangcwaba amandulo. Intlanganiso ibibanjelwe kwindlu encinci eBir Hooker, ikhulu leekhilomitha kumantla mpuma eCairo. Ubonise uSpoerri umnwe osongelwe ngamadlavu.
Ngokuka-Spoerri, yayiyiphunga elinevumba elinamandla, elimile okwe-oblong, kwaye iziqulatho zayo zazimangalisa. USpoerri wayevunyelwe ukuba abambe i-relic, kunye nokuthatha imifanekiso embalwa kuba wahlawula i-300 yeedola kuyo. Ukuthelekisa, wabeka ecaleni kwenqaku lebhanki leeponti ezingama-20 zase-Egypt. Umnwe wawomile kakhulu kwaye ulula. USpoerri uqaphele ukuba yayingakholeleki, isidalwa ekufanele ukuba sasikuso sibe ziimitha ezi-5 ubuncinci (phantse i-16.48ft) ukuphakama.
Ukungqina ubunyani, omnye umhlaseli wengcwaba wabonisa ifoto ye-X-Ray yomnwe ocoliweyo othathwe kwiminyaka yama-60. Isiqinisekiso sobunyani bento efunyenweyo yayisesobudala bunye. USpoerri wamcela ukuba athengise i-relic, kodwa umqhekezi wala, esithi ixabiso layo libaluleke kakhulu kwintsapho yakhe. Ukutsho nje, yayibubutyebi bentsapho yakhe. Ke ngoko, uSpoerri kwafuneka abhabhe ephuma eYiputa engaphethe nto.
Kamva uSpoerri wabonisa le mifanekiso kubameli beemyuziyam ezahlukeneyo, kodwa bamphakamisa kuphela. Ngokutsho kukaSpoerri, bonke bathi umnwe awuhambisani neengcamango zanamhlanje.
Ngo-2009, u-Spoerri watyelela u-Bir Hooker kwakhona ukuze aphinde afumane loo mnwe omkhulu womama. Kodwa ngelishwa akazange akwazi ukufumana loo mphangi wengcwaba. Ngalo lonke eli xesha, uSpoerri wayenomdla wokufunda ulwazi malunga nezigebenga zamandulo.
Ngaba ngokwenene izigebenga zazihlala eYiputa yamandulo?
Ngo-79 AD, umbhali-mbali waseRoma uJosephus Flavius wabhala wathi owokugqibela ugqatso lweengxilimbela babephila ngenkulungwane ye-13 BC, ngexesha lolawulo lukaKumkani uJoshua. Uqhubeke wabhala ukuba banemizimba emikhulu, kwaye ubuso babo bebungafani nabantu abaqhelekileyo kangangokuba bekumangalisa ukuwajonga, kwaye kwakoyikisa ukumamela ilizwi labo elikhulu elalifana nengonyama egqumayo.
Umnwe omkhulu waseYiputa wade waphefumlela uSpoerri ukuba abhale incwadi
Ukufunyanwa kunempembelelo enkulu kuSpoerri. Ngo-2008, wayeka umsebenzi wakhe waqala ukubhala incwadi malunga nezigebenga, kwaye kungekudala wayipapasha incwadi enesihloko “Uphulukene noThixo: Usuku loMgwebo.” Yimbali eyimfihlakalo eyimbali esekwe kwiingcinga zikaSpoerri. Uyaphawula ukuba akazange abhale ngokuthe ngqo malunga nokufunyanwa kwisitayile senzululwazi, enika abafundi ithuba lokuthatha isigqibo malunga nokucinga malunga noku.
Ngaba yinyani ukuba, kwixesha elidlulileyo, izigebenga zazikhe zahlala eMhlabeni?
Nangona izazinzulu bezisoloko zinobuvulindlela bokuba abantu abanjengabantu abakhula baye kutsho kwiinyawo ezingama-20 okanye ngaphezulu zizinto ezingeyonyani, kwaye kude kudala akukho bungqina bokuba i-hominins yakha yande kakhulu kunokuba sinjalo namhlanje, ezinye izinto ezifunyanisiweyo ezintsonkothileyo ziphakamisa umbuzo omkhulu ngokuchasene noko. Apha ngezantsi zezinye zeziphumo ezingaqhelekanga ezongamele ukuqonda kwethu okuqhelekileyo.
Izigebenga zaseNew York
Ngomnyaka we-1871, umbimbi wezinto zakudala kwindawo yokungcwaba yaseMelika wafumana amathambo amakhulu angama-200., ezinye zimalunga ne-9 ft ubude. Kwaye kwaqikelelwa ukuba iintsalela zinokuba zineminyaka engama-9,000 ubudala. Ngelo xesha, ukufunyanwa kwezi ntsalela kwakuxelwe ngokubanzi kumajelo eendaba; kodwa namhlanje, iintsalela zanyamalala. Akukho mntu waziyo apho akhoyo.
Imizila yeenyawo ezinkulu
Enye yezona zidumileyo Iinyawo ezinkulu zafunyanwa ngaphandle kwaseMpuluzi, eMzantsi Afrika. Yafunyanwa kwiminyaka eli-100 eyadlulayo ngumzingeli, yaye abantu balapho bayibiza ngokuba “ngumfuziselo weenyawo zikaThixo.” Ushicilelo luziimitha ezi-1.2 ubude, kwaye ukuba umzimba wonke ubulinganiswe ngokomlinganiselo wonyawo, isigebenga ebesenza ukuba sime phakathi kwe-24–27 ft ubude. Kuqikelelwa ukuba ushicilelo lunokuba naphi na ukusuka kwi-200 yezigidi-iminyaka eyi-3 yeebhiliyoni ubudala.
Ehlabathini jikelele, kuye kwakho iinyawo ezifanayo ezifunyenwe zifakwe kwilitye elidala. E-San Hose, umkhondo weenyawo oziimitha ezi-2.5 wafunyanwa kufutshane nefama yasekuhlaleni (nokuba yintoni na eyayenzayo yayiya kuba nkulu nangaphezu kwesigebenga saseMpuluzi); kwakweso sixeko sinye, kwafunyanwa omnye umkhondo weenyawo oziimitha ezisisi-1.5 eweni.
Nge-Agasti 2016, eGuizhou, eTshayina, kwafunyanwa uthotho lweenyawo, ngoshicilelo ngalunye luphantse lube yi-2 yeemitha ubude, kwaye lufakwe ngaphakathi malunga ne-3cm kwilitye eliqinileyo. Iingcali zenzululwazi ziye zabala ukuba nantoni na eyenza ushicilelo kuya kufuneka ibe ngaphezu kwe-13 yeenyawo ubude.
Ngo-1912, kwavunjululwa eMzantsi Afrika, ubude obuziimitha ezingama-4 ubudala. Nokuba yeyiphi na i-humanoid eyenziweyo ukuprinta kuya kufuneka ibengaphezulu kweenyawo ezingama-200 ubude. Indawo efanayo yabonwa kwihlathi laseLazovsky, eRashiya.
Iingxilimbela zeNtlambo yokufa
Ngowe-1931, ugqirha ogama lingu F. Bruce Russell wafumanisa eminye imiqolomba kunye namatonela e-Death Valley, kwaye wagqiba ekubeni ahlolisise kunye noDaniel S. Bovey. Into ababeyicingela ekuqaleni ukuba yinkqubo encinci yomqolomba yajika yahamba i-180 yeekhilomitha zeekhilomitha. Enye yezinto zokuqala abazifumanayo yayiluhlobo oluthile lweholo yesithethe okanye yonqulo ebhalwe ngombhalo ongaqhelekanga. Kodwa umntu ongamaziyo, yayikukufunyanwa kwamathambo angama-9ft amade e-humanoid.
Ibali lali okokuqala kwanikelwa ingxelo ngokusemthethweni kwiphephandaba laseSan Diego ngowe-1947. Amathambo acwiliselwa izidumbu kwaye kuqikelelwa ukuba malunga neminyaka engama-80,000 ubudala. Noko ke, eli bali laphela ngokukhawuleza, kunye neentsalela zesigebenga.
Izigebenga zaseWisconsin
Oososayensi bahlala bethe cwaka ngogqatso olulahlekileyo lwezigebenga ezafunyanwa kwiziduli ezingcwabayo kufutshane neLake Delavan eWisconsin ngoMeyi ka-1912. kunye neempawu ezingaqhelekanga. Ukuphakama kwazo kwakususela kwi-4 yeenyawo ukuya kwi-1912 yeenyawo, kwaye iingqayi zazo zikhulu kakhulu kunabo nabaphi na abantu abahlala eMelika namhlanje. Baye bathambekele ekubeni noluhlu lwamazinyo oluphindwe kabini, iintloko ezinde, iminwe emi-18, iinzwane ezi-7.6, kwaye njengabantu beza kwiintlanga ezahlukeneyo. Le yenye yeakhawunti ezininzi zamathambo amakhulu afunyanwa eWisconsin.
Izigebenga zeLovelock Cave
Ukusuka kwi-2,600 BC ukuya phakathi kwe-1800s, iLavelock Cave e-Nevada bekucingelwa ukuba isetyenziswa luhlanga lweenwele ezibomvu, iingxilimbela ezizii-cannibal. Ngo-1911, uJames Hart noDavid Pugh banamalungelo okumba bathengise iguyano- eyayisetyenziselwa ukwenza umbayimbayi ngezo ntsuku - ukusuka kumqolomba waseLovelock. Baye bahamba iinyawo ezimbalwa emqolombeni xa bafumana umzimba wendoda eyi-6ft 6 ”ubude. Umzimba wakhe wawumenyezelwe, kwaye iinwele zakhe zazibomvu ngokungafaniyo. Bafumanisa ezinye iimummy ezininzi ezinobungakanani obuqhelekileyo, kodwa ezimbalwa zazizi-8-10 leemitha ubude. Kwakukho neempapasho ezininzi ezinobungakanani obukhulu obabufakwe kwiindonga zomqolomba.
isiphelo
Ekugqibeleni, kucace gca ukuba uMnwe Omkhulu waseYiputa awunamhlaba okanye isiseko ngaphandle kweefoto kunye namabango abekwe nguGregor Spoerri. Nangona kunjalo, zininzi ezinye iingxelo ezidlulisa ukufunyanwa kweentsalela zezigebenga zamandulo. Ngawo onke la mabali, imibuzo eseleyo yile: Baphi ngoku? Siphi isiseko sabo sembali yokwenyani? Kutheni ababhali-mbali, abazama ukugrumba le nzululwazi yezinto zakudala ezalelweyo, babizwa ngokuba ngababhali-mbali? Khumbula ukuba, ibutho elilumkileyo lakha lamfaka uGalileo kwiqela elinjalo labantu abazizilumko. Ngaba sichane ngokupheleleyo ngolwazi lwethu ngembali yamandulo?
