Abantu abaBlue baseKentucky - usapho oluvela kwimbali yaseKetucky ababezelwe ikakhulu benesifo esingaqhelekanga nesingaqhelekanga semfuza esibangele ukuba ulusu lwabo lube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Phantse kangangeenkulungwane ezimbini, "abantu abanesikhumba esiluhlaza sosapho lakwaFugate" babehlala kwimimandla yaseTrustlesome Creek naseBall Creek kwiinduli zempuma yeKentucky. Ekugqibeleni badlulise uphawu lwabo olwahlukileyo ukusuka kwisizukulwana ukuya kwisizukulwana, bahlala bengabodwa kwilizwe langaphandle. Baziwa ngokubanzi njengabantu “abaBlue Abantu baseKentucky.”
Ibali laBantu abaBlue baseKentucky
Kukho amabali amabini afanayo malunga nomntu wokuqala oBlue Skinned kuloo ntsapho yaseKentucky. Nangona kunjalo, bobabini babanga igama elifanayo, "uMartin Fugate" ukuba abe ngumntu wokuqala oBlue Skinned kwaye wayeyindoda ezelwe eFrance eyinkedama njengomntwana kwaye kamva yahlalisa usapho lwayo kufutshane neHazard, eKentucky, eUnited States.
Ngaloo mihla, lo mhlaba wempuma yeKentucky wawuyindawo esemaphandleni apho usapho lukaMartin kunye nezinye iintsapho ezikufutshane zazizinze khona. Kwakungekho zindlela, kwaye umzila kaloliwe wawungazukufikelela nakuloo ndawo kurhulumente kude kube sekuqaleni kwee-1910. Ke ngoko, umtshato phakathi kweentsapho yayiqhelekile phakathi kwabantu abahlala kuloo mmandla uphantse weKentucky.
Amabali amabini eza nolandelelwano olufanayo kodwa umahluko osifumeneyo ukwimigca yexesha labo elikhankanywe ngokufutshane apha ngezantsi:
Ibali lokuqala laBantu abaBlue baseKentucky
Eli bali lixela ukuba uMartin Fugate wayephila ebutsheni benkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba watshata noElizabeth Smith, umfazi ovela kusapho olusondeleyo apho amaFugates atshata khona. Kwathiwa ubemhlophe kwaye emhlophe njenge-laurel yasentabeni eqhakaza yonke intwasahlobo ejikeleze imingxunya yasemlanjeni kwaye wayephethe esi sifo siluhlaza. UMartin noElizabeth baqala ukugcinwa kwindlu kwiidolophu zeNgxaki kwaye baqala usapho. Kubantwana babo abasixhenxe, abane baxelwe ukuba buluhlaza.
Emva kwexesha, amaFugates atshata amanye amaFugates. Ngamanye amaxesha babetshata abazala bokuqala kunye nabantu ababehlala kufutshane kubo. Usapho lwaluqhubeka lusanda. Ngenxa yoko, uninzi lwenzala yamaFugates yazalwa inoluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwaye yaqhubeka nokuhlala kwiindawo ezijikeleze iTrustlesome Creek kunye neBall Creek kwikhulu lama-20.
Ibali lesibini laBlue People baseKentucky
Ngelixa elinye ibali liqinisekisa ukuba babebathathu abantu ababizwa ngokuba nguMartin Fugate kwiFugates Family tree. Baye bahlala phakathi kwe-1700 kunye ne-1850, kwaye umntu wokuqala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka onesikhumba esihlaza wayengowesibini owayehlala ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane yeshumi elinesibhozo okanye ngo-1750 emva koko. Wayetshate noMary Wells owayekwangumphathi wesi sifo.
Kweli bali lesibini, uMartin Fugate okhankanywe kwibali lokuqala owayehlala ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-XNUMX kwaye watshata no-Elizabeth Smith wayengengomntu ulusu oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwaphela. Nangona kunjalo, uphawu lukaElizabhete luhlala lunye, njengoko wayengumntu ophethe esi sifo esichaziweyo kwibali lokuqala, kwaye lonke ibali lesibini liphantse lafana nakwibali lokuqala.
Yintoni eyenzekileyo kubantu abahlaza okwesibhakabhaka baseTrustlesome Creek?
Onke amaFugates ngokumangalisayo aphila iminyaka engama-85-90 ngaphandle kwesifo okanye enye ingxaki yezempilo ngaphandle kwalesi sifo solusu siluhlaza esaphazamisa indlela yabo yokuphila. Babeneentloni ngokwenene ngokuba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Kwakusoloko kukho intelekelelo kwimingxunya malunga nento eyenza abantu abluhlaza bluhlaza: isifo sentliziyo, isifo semiphunga, into enokuthi icetyiswe lelinye ixhego ukuba "igazi labo lisondele kancinci kulusu lwabo." Kodwa akukho mntu wayesazi ngokuqinisekileyo, kwaye oogqirha babengafane batyelele kwiindawo ezisemagqagaleni apho uninzi lwe "Blue Fugates" luhlala khona kude kube ngama-1950.
Kwakungelo xesha apho iiFugates ezimbini zaya kuMadison Cawein III, oselula ugqirha wezifo zengqondo kwiklinikhi yezonyango yaseYunivesithi yaseKentucky ngelo xesha, ekhangela unyango.
Sebenzisa uphando oluqokelelwe kwizifundo zakhe zangaphambili ze Abemi baseAlaskan Eskimo ababodwa, UCawein wakwazi ukugqiba kwelokuba abaFugates babephethe isifo esingaqhelekanga esivela kwilifa esibangela amanqanaba agqithisileyo e-methemoglobin egazini labo. Le meko ibizwa Imethemoglobinemia.
IMethemoglobin yinguqulelo engasebenziyo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yeprotein ebomvu yehemoglobin ephethe ioksijini. Kwinkoliso yabantu baseCaucasus, ihemoglobin ebomvu yegazi emizimbeni yabo ibonisa ngolusu lwabo ukuyinika umbala obomvana.
Ngexesha lophando, imethylene luhlaza yavela ezingqondweni zikaCawein njengeyona “ntsholongwane” icace gca. Abanye babantu abahlaza okwesibhakabhaka babecinga ukuba ugqirha wayongezwe kancinane ngokucebisa ukuba idayi eblue ingabenza bapinki. Kodwa uCawein wayesazi kwizifundo zangaphambili ukuba umzimba unenye indlela yokuguqula i-methemoglobin ibuyele esiqhelweni. Ukuyisebenzisa kufuna ukongeza egazini into esebenza njenge "elector donor." Izinto ezininzi ziyakwenza oku, kodwa uCawein ukhethe i-methylene eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuba isetyenziswe ngempumelelo nangokukhuselekileyo kwezinye iimeko kwaye kuba isebenza ngokukhawuleza.
I-Cawein yafaka intsholongwane kubantu abanebala elihlaza okwesibhakabhaka nge-100 milligram ye-methylene eluhlaza, eyanciphisa iimpawu zabo yanciphisa umbala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka kolusu lwabo kwimizuzu embalwa. Ngethuba lokuqala ebomini babo, babepinki kwaye bavuya. Kwaye uCawein wanika usapho ngalunye oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka unikezelo lweepilisi ze-methylene eziluhlaza ukuba zithathe njengepilisi yemihla ngemihla kuba iziphumo zeziyobisi zezokwexeshana, njengoko i-methylene eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ihlala ikhutshwa kumchamo. UCawein kamva wapapasha uphando lwakhe kuVimba woNyango lwaNgaphakathi (ngo-Epreli 1964) ngo-1964.
Emva kwenkulungwane yama-20, njengoko uhambo lwalusiya lusiba lula kwaye neentsapho zisasazeka kwiindawo ezibanzi, ukwanda kohlobo olugqithisileyo kubemi bendawo kunciphile, kwaye kunye nethuba lokufumana ilifa lesi sifo.
UBenjamin Stacy ngowokugqibela oyinzala yeFugates owazalwa ngo-1975 enolu phawu luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwiBlue Family yaseKentucky kwaye waphulukana nebala lolusu oluhlaza njengoko ekhula. Nangona namhlanje uBenjamin noninzi lwenzala yosapho lakwaFugate belahlekelwe ngumbala wabo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-tint isaphuma esikhumbeni sabo xa bebanda okanye begungxula ngumsindo.
Ugqirha Madison Cawein ubonise ibali eligqibeleleyo lendlela i-Fugates ewuzuze ngayo umfuziselo wolusu oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ethwele i-methemoglobinemia (met-H) yemfuza ukusuka kwisizukulwana kuye kwisizukulwana, kwaye waluqhuba njani uphando lwakhe apho eKentucky. Unokufunda ngakumbi ngeli bali limangalisayo Apha.
Ezinye iimeko ezifanayo
Kwakukho amanye amatyala amabini endoda enebala eliluhlaza ngenxa yemethemoglobinaemia, eyaziwa ngokuba “ngamadoda aluhlaza eLurgan”. Babengamadoda amabini aseLurgan aphethwe yile nto ichazwe njenge- "family idiopathic methaemoglobinaemia", kwaye baphathwa nguGqirha James Deeny ngonyaka ka-1942. UDeeny wamisela ikhosi ye-ascorbic acid kunye ne-sodium bicarbonate. Kwimeko yokuqala, ngosuku lwesibhozo kunyango kwabakho utshintsho oluphawulekayo kwinkangeleko, kwaye ngomhla weshumi elinesibini kunyango, ukubonakala kwesigulana kwakuqhelekile. Kwimeko yesibini, ubume besigulana bafikelela esiqhelweni kwinyanga yonke yonyango.
Ngaba uyazi ukuba ukugqithisa isilivere kunokubangela ukuba ulusu lwethu lujika lube ngwevu okanye luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwaye inetyhefu ebantwini?
Kukho imeko ebizwa ngokuba yiArgyria okanye argyrosis, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi "Blue Man Syndrome," ethi ibangelwe kukuvezwa kakhulu yimichiza yamachiza esilivere okanye uthuli lwesilivere. Olona phawu lubalaseleyo lweArgyria kukuba ulusu lujika lube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka-mfusa okanye mfusa-ngwevu.
Kwizilwanyana nasebantwini, ukungenisa okanye ukungenisa isilivere ngobuninzi bexesha elide kuhlala kukhokelela ekuqokeleleni ngokuthe ngcembe iikhompawundi zesilivere kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba ezinokubangela ukuba ezinye iindawo zolusu kunye nezinye izicwili zomzimba zibe ngwevu okanye luhlaza-ngwevu.
Abantu abasebenza kwimizi-mveliso eyenza iimveliso zesilivere banokuphefumla ngesilivere okanye iikhompawundi zayo, kwaye isilivere isetyenziswa kwezinye izixhobo zonyango ngenxa yento echasene neentsholongwane. Nangona kunjalo, i-Argyria ayisiyiyo impilo esongela ubomi kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba inyangeke ngamayeza. Kodwa ukungenisa kakhulu kulo naluphi na uhlobo lwekhemikhali kunokubulala okanye kunokunyusa umngcipheko empilweni ngenxa yoko kufuneka sihlale silumkile ukwenza nantoni na enje.
Emva kokufunda malunga "neBlue Of Kentucky," funda malunga “Intombazana yase-Bionic yase-UK u-Olivia Farnsworth Ongaziva Indlala okanye Ubuhlungu!”
