Phakathi kowe-1861 nowe-1865, iUnited States yayibandakanyeke kungquzulwano olwaphalala igazi elabulala abantu abangaphezu kwama-600,000 XNUMX. Imfazwe yamakhaya, njengoko idla ngokubizwa njalo, yaliwa kumacala aliqela: iManyano yaseMantla ngokuchasene ne-Southern Confederacy. Nangona imfazwe yaphela ngoloyiso lwaseMntla kunye nobukhoboka bupheliswa kulo lonke ilizwe, ihlala iyenye yeengxabano ezichitha igazi kwimbali yaseMelika.
Inkalo ebalulekileyo yale mfazwe yoyikekayo yayikukuba iingelosi zazikholelwa ukuba ziye zangenelela izihlandlo ezininzi ukuze zincede okanye ziphilise amajoni eManyano. Amajoni amaninzi axela ukuba abona izibane ezincinci ezibajikelezileyo njengoko belele besifa ngamanxeba abo okanye nangaphambi kokuba benzakaliswe. Ezi ziganeko zikhanyayo bacingelwa ngabanye njengomzekelo wokungenelela kwasezulwini kwimicimbi yabantu.
“UkuKhanya Kwengelosi” ligama elanikwa isiganeko esingaqhelekanga sasezulwini esenzeka kwiDabi laseShilo, ebudeni beMfazwe Yamakhaya. Amawaka amajoni abona ukubengezela okuphuma kumanxeba abo yaye kubanceda baphile. Ngaphandle kokungaqhelekanga kwetyala, kunokubakho ingcaciso.
Idabi laseShilo (ngo-1862), elona gazi likhulu kwimfazwe yamakhaya yaseMelika, lalinokuhlaselwa okungalindelekanga yi-Confederates ngokuchasene neManyano, ukubatyhalela ngasemva kwaye kude noMlambo iTennessee. Kodwa isiphithiphithi semikhosi sayiguqula loo ndawo yaba kukubulawa kwabantu okuphela ngokuphumelela kwemikhosi yoMbutho, kunye nokufa kwabantu baseDantesque: ngaphezulu kwamajoni ama-3,000 16,000 abulawa kwaye angaphezulu kwe-XNUMX enzakele. Oogqirha kumacala omabini babengenakukwazi ukunyanga wonke umntu, kwaye eyona nto yayikukuba uncedo lwaluza kuthatha iintsuku ezimbini.
Kwaye apho, behleli eludakeni, phakathi kobusuku obumnyama obubandayo kwaye kwanakwimvula ngamanye amaxesha, amanye amajoni aqaphela ukuba amanxeba abo akhupha ukukhanya okuluhlaza okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, into abangazange bayibone ngaphambili. Xa ekugqibeleni bekhutshiwe, abo babewabona amanxeba abo eqaqamba babenenqanaba eliphezulu lokusinda, baphola ngokukhawuleza, kwaye amanxeba abo ashiya amanxeba ambalwa. Oko bakubiza ngokuba "kukuKhanya kweengelosi."
Ibali alizange lichazwe kude kube ngo-2001, xa umfundi oneminyaka eyi-17 esikolweni esiphakamileyo, ogama linguBill Martin, kunye nomhlobo wakhe oneminyaka eli-18 ubudala uJon Curtis benza uphando kwiprojekthi yabo yesayensi kwaye bacebisa ukuba ibhaktheriya ibize Photorhabdus luminescens Unokuba noxanduva lokuKhanya kweengelosi.
Ezi bhaktheriya zikhanyisile kwaye zihlala kwindawo ezibandayo nezinomswakama. Idabi lalilwa ekuqaleni kuka-Epreli xa amaqondo obushushu ayephantsi kwaye amabala ayemanzi yimvula. Amajoni enzakeleyo ashiyeka kwindalo kwaye ahlupheka ngenxa yehypothermia. Oku kuya kubonelela ngendawo efanelekileyo Iimpawu zewayini ukugqitha nokubulala iintsholongwane eziyingozi kuthintela usulelo olunokwenzeka. Kwaye kamva esibhedlele, phantsi kweemeko ezifudumeleyo, ezi ntsholongwane zafa, zishiya inxeba licocekile ngokupheleleyo.
Rhoqo, usulelo lwebacteria kwilonda evulekileyo luya kuchaza isiphumo sokubulala. Kodwa lo yayingumzekelo apho ibacteria elungileyo ngexesha elifanelekileyo yayiluncedo ekusindiseni ubomi. Ke, amajoni eShilo kufanele ukuba abulele abahlobo babo abancinci. Kodwa ngubani owaziyo ngelo xesha ukuba iingelosi zaziza ngobukhulu obukhulu? Ngokumalunga noMartin noCurtis, baqhubeke ukuphumelela indawo yokuqala kukhuphiswano lweqela kwi-Intel International Science and Engineering Fair ka-2001.
