IArīḥā, eyaziwa ngokuba yiJeriko, imi kwiWest Bank yasePalestine kwaye kukholelwa ukuba yenye yezona ndawo zindala eMhlabeni, ukusukela malunga ne9000 BC. Uphando lwe-Archaeological luchaze imbali yayo ende.
Isixeko sinexabiso elibalulekileyo le-archaeological, njengoko libonelela ngobungqina bokusekwa kokuqala kweendawo zokuhlala ezisisigxina kunye nokutshintshela kwimpucuko. Iintsalela zabazingeli baseMesolithic ukusuka malunga ne-9000 BC kunye nenzala yabo ehlala apho ixesha elide yafunyanwa. Malunga ne-8000 BC, abahlali bakha udonga olukhulu lwamatye olujikeleze indawo yokuhlala, olwaqiniswa yinqaba enkulu yamatye.
Le ndawo yokuhlala yayilikhaya kubantu abamalunga ne-2,000-3,000, exhasa ukusetyenziswa kwegama elithi "idolophu". Eli xesha libone utshintsho ukusuka kwindlela yokuphila yokuzingela ukuya kwindawo yokuhlala ngokupheleleyo. Ngaphaya koko, kwafunyanwa iintlobo ezilinywayo zengqolowa nerhasi, nto leyo ethetha uphuhliso lwezolimo. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba ukunkcenkceshela kwayilwa indawo eyongezelelekileyo yokulima. Inkcubeko yokuqala ye-Neolithic yasePalestina yayiluphuhliso lwe-autochthonous.
Malunga ne-7000 BC, abahlali baseJeriko balandelwa liqela lesibini, bezisa inkcubeko eyayingekaphuhli izinto zobumba kodwa yayiseyixesha le-Neolithic. Eli nqanaba lesibini le-Neolithic laphela malunga ne-6000 BC kwaye kwiminyaka eyi-1000 elandelayo, akukho bungqina bokuhlala.
Ngexesha elithile malunga no-5000 BC, iimpembelelo ezivela emantla, apho iilali ezininzi zazisekiwe kwaye izitya zomdongwe zisetyenzisiwe, zaqala ukubonakala eYeriko. Abemi bokuqala baseYeriko ababesebenzisa izinto ezenziwe ngodongwe babengamahlwempu xa bethelekiswa nabo bangaphambi kwabo, behlala kumanqugwala atshoneyo yaye kusenokwenzeka ukuba babengabalusi. Kwiminyaka engama-2000 eyalandelayo, umsebenzi ubuncinci kwaye kusenokwenzeka ukuba ubungacwangciswanga.
Ekuqaleni kwe-4th millennium BC, iYeriko, kunye nayo yonke iPalestina, yabona ukuphindaphinda kwinkcubeko yasezidolophini. Iindonga zayo zaphinda zakhiwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Nangona kunjalo, malunga ne-2300 BC, ukuphazamiseka kubomi basezidolophini kwenzeka ngenxa yokufika kwama-Amorites. Malunga no-1900 BC, zathatyathelwa indawo ngamaKanan. Ubungqina bezindlu zabo kunye nefenitshala efunyenwe emangcwabeni bunikela ukuqonda ngenkcubeko yabo. Le yinkcubeko efanayo amaSirayeli awadibana nayo xa ayehlasela iKanan aza ekugqibeleni ayamkela.
AmaSirayeli, ekhokelwa nguYoshuwa, ahlasela iYeriko emva kokuwela uMlambo iYordan (Yoshuwa 6). Emva kokutshatyalaliswa kwayo, ngokutsho kwengxelo yeBhayibhile, yashiywa de uHiyeli waseBheteli wazinza apho ngenkulungwane ye-9 BC (1 Kumkani 16:34). Ukongezelela, iYeriko iyakhankanywa kwezinye iinxalenye zeBhayibhile. UHerode Omkhulu wachitha ubusika bakhe eYeriko waza wafela khona ngo-4 BC.
Ukwembiwa kowe-1950-51 kwatyhila i-façade enkulu ecaleni kweWadi Al-Qilṭ, ekusenokwenzeka ukuba yayiyinxalenye yebhotwe likaHerode, nto leyo ebonisa intlonelo yakhe ngeRoma. Ezinye iintsalela zezakhiwo ezintle zafunyanwa kulo mmandla, owathi kamva waba sisazulu seYeriko yamaRoma neTestamente Entsha, malunga neekhilomitha ezisisi-1.6 kumazantsi esixeko samandulo. I-Crusader Jeriko yayimalunga neekhilomitha ngasempuma kwisiza seTestamente eNdala, apho yasekwa khona idolophu yanamhlanje.
Eli nqaku ebhalwe ekuqaleni nguKathleen Mary Kenyon, owayeyiNqununu yeKholeji yaseSt. Hugh, iYunivesithi yaseOxford ukusuka kwi-1962 ukuya kwi-1973, kunye noMlawuli weBritish School of Archaeology eYerusalem ukusuka kwi-1951 ukuya kwi-1966. Ungumbhali wemisebenzi emininzi, njenge-Archeology kwiLizwe eliNgcwele kunye nokugrumba iYeriko.
