Iqela lezizwe ngezizwe labaphandi abavela kwiMax Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology eLeipzig, eJamani, linika ingxelo entsha ngokupheleleyo ngemithetho yomtshato yeBronze Age kunye nezakhiwo zentsapho eGrisi. Uhlolisiso oluye lwenziwa kwiigenome zamandulo lubonisa ukuba ukukhetha amaqabane omtshato kwakumiselwa ngokuzalana kukabani.
Umzobo owaziwayo wesithixokazi saseMinoan, owakhiwe ngobugcisa kwaye waboniswa ephethe amatyathanga eDNA endaweni yeenyoka. Abemi bazalwa kumzimba wakhe "wakudala". Umlibo wokuzalwa orenji kunye nobomvu ubhekisa kuphando olufunyenweyo lwe-endogamy phakathi komzala wokuqala kunye nowesibini.
Xa uHeinrich Schliemann wafumanisa amangcwaba e-shaft anegolide e-Mycenae kunye neemaski zabo zegolide ezidumileyo kwiminyaka engaphezu kwe-100 eyadlulayo, wayenokuqikelela kuphela malunga nobudlelwane babantu ababengcwatywe kuwo. Ngoku, ngoncedo lohlalutyo lwe-genomes yamandulo, kuye kwenzeka okokuqala ukufumana ulwazi malunga nobudlelwane kunye nemithetho yomtshato eMinoan Crete naseMycenaean Greece. Iziphumo zapapashwa kwiphephancwadi iNature Ecology & Evolution.
Iqela lophando elivela kwi-Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (MPI-EVA), kunye neqela lamazwe ngamazwe lamaqabane, bahlalutya ngaphezu kwe-100 genomes yeBronze Age yabantu abavela e-Aegean. Umembi wezinto zakudala uPhilipp Stockhammer, omnye wababhali abaphambili kolu hlolisiso uthi: “Ngaphandle kwentsebenziswano ebalaseleyo namaqabane ethu aseGrisi nasehlabathini lonke, oku bekungayi kwenzeka.
Umthi wokuqala webhayoloji wosapho lweMycenaean
Enkosi kwinkqubela phambili yemethodological yakutsha nje ekuvelisweni nasekuvavanyeni iiseti zedatha yemfuza yakudala, ngoku kuye kwenzeka ukuvelisa idatha ebanzi nakwimimandla enengxaki yogcino lwe-DNA ngenxa yeemeko zemozulu, ezifana neGrisi. Kwindlu yaseMycenaean yenkulungwane ye-16 BC, kuye kwenzeka ukuba kwakhiwe kwakhona ukuzalana kwabemi bendlu-umthi wokuqala wosapho oye waphinda wakhiwa ngokutsha ngokwemfuza kuwo wonke ummandla wamandulo weMeditera.
Kuyabonakala ukuba, abanye oonyana babesahlala kwikhaya labazali babo sele bebadala. Abantwana babo bangcwatywa engcwabeni phantsi kwentendelezo yelifa. Omnye wabafazi abatshatileyo wangenisa udade wabo endlwini, njengoko nomntwana wakhe wayengcwatywe kwakwelo ngcwaba.
Isiko lokutshata umzala wokuqala
Noko ke, enye into eyafunyaniswayo yayingalindelekanga kwaphela: eKrete nakwezinye iziqithi zamaGrike, kwanakummandla omkhulu welizwe, kwakuyinto eqhelekileyo ukutshata umzala kabani wokuqala kwiminyaka engama-4,000 XNUMX eyadlulayo.
“Zingaphezu kwewaka iigenomes zakudala ezivela kwimimandla eyahlukahlukeneyo yehlabathi ngoku sele zipapashiwe, kodwa kubonakala ngathi inkqubo engqongqo ngolo hlobo yomtshato wezalamane ayizange ibekho kwenye indawo kwihlabathi lamandulo,” utsho uEirini Skourtanioti, umbhali ophambili wolu phononongo. owenze uhlalutyo. "Oku kwasothusa sonke kwaye kuphakamise imibuzo emininzi."
Indlela lo mthetho othile womtshato unokuchazwa ngayo, iqela lophando linokuqikelela kuphela. “Mhlawumbi le ibiyindlela yokuthintela ukuba umhlaba wokulima ulilifa ungahlulwa nangakumbi? Nokuba yeyiphi na imeko, iqinisekise ukuqhubeka okuthile kosapho kwindawo enye, nto leyo eyimfuneko ekulinyweni kweminquma newayini, umzekelo,” ukrokrela uStockhammer. "Into eqinisekileyo kukuba uhlalutyo lwe-genomes yakudala luya kuqhubeka nokusinika okumnandi, ukuqonda okutsha kwizakhiwo zentsapho zamandulo kwixesha elizayo," wongezelela uSkourtanioti.
Ipapashwe ekuqaleni: I-Max Planck Institute ye-Evolutionary Anthropology-Indalo ye-Ecology & Evolution
