Umhlaba nguvimba weemfihlo kunye namatye anqabileyo afihliweyo, kwaye enye yezona zinto zinomdla kakhulu kukufunyanwa kwezilwanyana zakudala eziye zafunyanwa. igcinwe ngokugqibeleleyo kwi-permafrost.
Ngo-2018, umzingeli onethamsanqa we-mammoth tusk ophonononga unxweme loMlambo iTirekhtyak kwingingqi yaseYakutia yaseSiberia wafumanisa into emangalisayo-intloko epheleleyo yengcuka yangaphambili.
Oku kufunyenweyo kuthathwa njengokubalulekileyo njengoko kunika umbono ongazange ubonwe kubomi bezilwanyana ezaziphila kumawaka eminyaka eyadlulayo.
Lo mzekelo, ogcinwe iminyaka engama-32,000 yi-permafrost yale ngingqi, kuphela kwenxalenye yesidumbu sengcuka yabantu abadala iPleistocene steppe wolf – umnombo ongasekhoyo owahlukileyo kwiingcuka zanamhlanje – ezakhe zafunyanwa.
Ukufunyanwa, okokuqala okupapashwe yi-Siberian Times, kulindeleke ukuba kuncedise iingcali ekuqondeni ngcono indlela iingcuka ze-steppe ezahluke ngayo kwizinto ezilinganayo zanamhlanje, kunye nokuba kutheni iintlobo zaphela.
Ngokutsho kukaMarisa Iati weWashington Post, ingcuka echaphazelekayo yaphuhliswa ngokupheleleyo ngexesha lokufa kwayo, mhlawumbi malunga ne-2 ukuya kwiminyaka emi-4 ubudala. Nangona iifoto zentloko enqunyuliweyo, isaqhayisa ngamagaqa oboya, amazinyo, kunye nempumlo egcinwe kakuhle, ibeka ubukhulu bayo bubude obuyi-intshi ezi-15.7 – intloko yengcuka engwevu yanamhlanje, xa ithelekisa, inomlinganiselo we-9.1 ukuya kwi-11 intshi.
ULove Dalén, isazi ngendaleko kwiMyuziyam yeMbali yeNdalo yaseSweden owayefota ifilimu eSiberia xa umzingeli wamabamba wafika kwindawo yesiganeko enentloko, uthi iingxelo zamajelo eendaba ezithi oko kufunyaniswe “yingcuka enkulu” azichanekanga.
NgokukaDalén, ayinkulu kangako kunengcuka yale mihla ukuba uyawuthoba umkhenkce omkhenkce oncamathele apho intamo ibiqhele ukubakhona.
Ngokutsho kwe-CNN, iqela laseRashiya elikhokelwa nguAlbert Protopopov weRiphabhlikhi yeSakha's Academy of Sciences lilungiselela ukwakha imodeli yedijithali yengqondo yezilwanyana kunye nengaphakathi lekhanda layo.
Ngenxa yemeko yokugcinwa kwentloko, yena noogxa bakhe banethemba lokuba banokukhupha okusebenzayo DNA kwaye uyisebenzise ukulandelelanisa igenome yengcuka ngokukaDavid Stanton, umphandi kwiMyuziyam yaseSweden yeMbali yeNdalo ekhokela uvavanyo lwemfuzo lwamathambo. Okwangoku, akwaziwa ukuba intloko yengcuka yahlukana njani nomzimba wayo wonke.
UTori Herridge, isazi ngebhayoloji kwiMyuziyam yeMbali yeNdalo yaseLondon owayeyinxalenye yeqela lokufota eSiberia ngexesha lokufunyanwa, uthi ugxa wakhe, uDan Fisher weYunivesithi yaseMichigan, ucinga ukuba ukuskenwa kwentloko yesilwanyana kunokuveza ubungqina bokuba iqhawulwa ngabom ngabantu – mhlawumbi “ngaxeshanye ingcuka isifa.”
Ukuba kunjalo, uHerridge uthi, oku kufunyanisiweyo kuya kunika “umzekelo okhethekileyo wokunxibelelana kwabantu nezilwanyana ezitya inyama.” Nangona kunjalo, uqukumbela kwiposti kuTwitter, "Ndisigcina isigwebo de kwenziwe uphando oluninzi."
UDalén uvumelana nokuthandabuza kukaHerridge, esithi “akabonanga bungqina bumeyiselayo” bokuba abantu banqunyulwa intloko. Ngapha koko, akuqhelekanga ukufumana iiseti ezithile zeentsalela kwi-permafrost yaseSiberia.
Ngokomzekelo, ukuba isilwanyana besingcwatywa size sifakwe emkhenkceni, umzimba waso wonke ubunokubola okanye udliwe ngabantu abatya inyama. Kungenjalo, ukuguquguquka kwe-permafrost kumawaka eminyaka kunokubangela ukuba umzimba uqhekeke ube ziziqwenga ezininzi.
Ngokutsho kukaStanton, iingcuka ezisemathafeni “mhlawumbi zazikhudlwana yaye zomelele kuneengcuka zanamhlanje.” Izilwanyana zazinomhlathi owomeleleyo, obanzi oxhotyiselwe ukuzingela izilwanyana ezinkulu ezifana neemammoth ezinoboya kunye nemikhombe, kwaye njengoko uStanton exelela i-USA Today's N'dea Yancey-Bragg, yaphela phakathi kwama-20,000 ukuya kuma-30,000 eminyaka eyadlulayo, okanye malunga nexesha apho iingcuka zanamhlanje zaqala khona. wafika kwindawo.
Ukuba abaphandi baphumelele ekukhupheni i-DNA kwintloko yengcuka, baya kuzama ukuyisebenzisa ukuze babone ukuba iingcuka zamandulo zidibene nezangoku, ukuba zazaliswa njani na iintlobo zangaphambili, kunye nokuba umnombo wawunawo - okanye uswele - naluphi na ulungelelwaniso lwemfuza oluye lwaba negalelo. ekubhangisweni kwayo.
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, i-permafrost yaseSiberia ivelise uluhlu lwezidalwa zangaphambili ezigcinwe kakuhle: phakathi kwezinye, a. Inkonyane eneminyaka engama-42,000 ubudala, umqolomba wengonyama, “intaka entle yomkhenkce enentsiba,” njengoko uHerridge esitsho, “kwanenundu elicekeceke le-Ice Age.”
NgokukaDalén, ezi zinto zifunyanisiweyo zinokunxulunyaniswa nokuzingela kwamabamba amakhulu kunye nokunyibilika kwe-permafrost ehambelana nokufudumala kwehlabathi.
Stanton uqukumbela ngelithi, “Imozulu eshushu ... ithetha ukuba ngakumbi nangakumbi yale mizekelo inokufumaneka kwixesha elizayo.” Kwangaxeshanye, uthi, "Kusenokwenzeka ukuba uninzi lwazo luya kunyibilika kwaye lubole (kwaye ke ngoko balahleke) ngaphambi kokuba nabani na afumane ... kwaye azifunde."
Isibakala sokuba oku kufunyaniswayo kwenziwa ngumzingeli omkhulu wamabamba yongeza kuphela amayelenqe. Lixesha elichulumancisayo kwiingcali zepaleontologists kunye neengcali zakudala ngokufanayo, njengoko kusanda kufunyanwa izinto ezininzi ezityhala imida yokuqonda kwethu ixesha elidlulileyo. Sijonge phambili ekuboneni ezinye izinto ezimangalisayo eziye zafunyanwa kwixa elizayo!
