IMyuziyam yeSizwe yeMbali yeNdalo yaseSmithsonian idwelise ubuncinane iindidi zabantu ezingama-21 ezamkelwa zizazinzulu ezininzi. Ezi ntlobo zamandulo zabantu, ezaziwa ngokuba zii-hominins, zithatha ixesha elimalunga nezigidi ezithandathu zeminyaka. Ukusuka homo habilis, ababephila malunga 2.8 million kwiminyaka eyadlulayo, ukuba i-homo neanderthalensis, eyanyamalala kwiminyaka nje engama-40,000 XNUMX eyadlulayo, uhlobo ngalunye lwaluneempawu zalo ezikhethekileyo nendlela oluziqhelanisa nalo ngayo.
Le yantlukwano emangalisayo iphakamisa umbuzo obangela umdla - kutheni kunjalo nje homo sapiens, iintlobo zethu, zasinda kwaye zakhula ngelixa ezinye zatshabalala? Izazinzulu bezisokola nale mfihlakalo kangangeminyaka, ziphonononga iithiyori ezahlukahlukeneyo kwaye zihlalutya intaphane yobungqina.
Enye ingcamango exhaphakileyo icebisa oku Homo sapiens, kunye nobuchule babo bokuqonda, babexhotyiswe ngcono ukuba baziqhelanise nokutshintsha kweemeko kunye nokugqithisa ezinye iintlobo ze-hominin. Indibaniselwano yethu eyodwa yobukrelekrele, izakhono zolwimi, kunye nolwakhiwo oluphucukileyo lwentlalo lunokuba lusinike ukona kuphezulu ekusindeni nasekuveliseni.
Enye into enokwenzeka kukuba ukuzalanisa kunye nokudibanisa kwemfuzo kwenzeka phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-hominin. Uphando lwakutsha nje lufumene ubungqina bokuzalanisa phakathi Homo sapiens kunye neeNeanderthals, kunye nezinye iihominins zamandulo ezinjengeDenisovans. Olu nxibelelwano lunokuba lubangele ukufunxwa kweempawu ezithile zemfuza kwezinye iintlobo, okomeleza ukuziqhelanisa nokomelela Homo sapiens.
Nangona kunjalo, ukunqongophala kobungqina befosili, ngakumbi ukusuka kumaxesha apho iintlobo ezininzi zazihlala khona, kwenza kube nzima ukungqina ngokuqinisekileyo ezi thiyori. Ingxelo yefosili ayiphelelanga kwaye yahlulahlulwe, ishiya izikhewu ezininzi ekuqondeni kwethu indaleko yomntu.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, inkqubela phambili yohlalutyo lwemfuza ibonelele ngemibono emitsha kwimbali yethu yendaleko. Ngokukhupha kunye nokuhlalutya i-DNA kwintsalela ye-hominin yamandulo, izazinzulu ziye zakwazi ukufumanisa ulwazi olubalulekileyo malunga noqhagamshelwano lwethu lwemfuza kwezinye iintlobo. Olu phononongo luveze izinto ezifunyanisiweyo ezothusayo, ezinjengobukho be-Neanderthal DNA kwiigenomes zabantu banamhlanje.
Ngaphaya koko, uphononongo lwe-hominin DNA yamandulo luye lwatyhila ubukho bezinye iindidi zabantu ezazingaziwa ngaphambili. Ngokomzekelo, ukufunyanwa kweeDenisovans eSiberia kwenziwa ukuba kwenzeke ngohlalutyo lwemfuza yeqhekeza lethambo lomnwe elifunyenwe emqolombeni. Oku kugxininisa amandla okufunyaniswa kwexesha elizayo kunye nommandla ongachazwanga oseleyo ekuqondeni kwethu ukuvela komntu.
Ekugqibeleni, umbuzo wokuba kutheni uhlobo olunye kuphela - Homo sapiens – usindileyo uhlala engaphendulwa. Ukuphonononga le mfihlakalo akubalulekanga nje kuphela ekuqondeni ixesha elidlulileyo kodwa kunokusikhanyisela ngekamva lethu njengezidalwa. Ngokufunda uhambo lwethu lwendaleko kunye nezinto ezikhokelele ekusindeni kwethu, sinokufumana ithuba elahlukileyo kwimingeni kunye namathuba azayo.
Njengoko siqhubeka nokufumanisa ubungqina obutsha kwaye sicoca iithiyori zethu, kufuneka sihlale sivuleleke ekubeni ibali lokuzivelela kwabantu lintsonkothe kakhulu kwaye linxibelelene kunokuba sikuqonda ngoku. Mhlawumbi ekuhambeni kwexesha, siya kuvula iimfihlo zookhokho bethu bamandulo, kwaye ngokwenza njalo, sizuze ukuqonda okunzulu ngathi.
Ekugqibeleni, abantu namhlanje kuphela kweentlobo eziye zasinda kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-hominin. Nangona ezi ntlobo zezilwanyana zazifana nathi kwaye zinendibaniselwano yeempawu eziphawula abantu namhlanje, ngoku azisekho. Kufuneka sibone indlela esinokuziqhelanisa ngayo notshintsho kwindawo esihlala kuyo ebangelwa zizenzo zethu kunye nokutshintsha kwendalo.
