Uphononongo olutsha oluvela kwiYunivesithi yaseCincinnati lucebisa ukuba abemi besixeko samandulo saseMayan saseTikal esikumahlathi aseGuatemala basebenzisa iiminerali ukuze bahlambulule amanzi kumadama abo. Oko kukuthi, amaMayans adala le nkqubo yokucoca amanzi phantse iminyaka engama-2,000 ngaphambi kokuba kusetyenziswe iinkqubo ezifanayo eYurophu, nto leyo eyenza ibe yenye yezona nkqubo zindala zokucocwa kwamanzi kulo lonke ihlabathi.
Iinkqubo ezindala zokunyanga amanzi aseMayans
Namhlanje, abantu abaninzi basebenzisa izihluzi ukususa ukungcola emanzini. Ewe, ngoku iqela lophando lifumene ukuba eTikal, amaMayans sele esebenzise inkqubo yokucoca amanzi ngenjongo efanayo. Iqela lezinto ezininzi zabaphandi abavela kwi KwiYunivesithi yaseCincinnati, eyenziwe ngabafundi be-anthropologists, i-geographer kunye neengcali zebhayoloji, baye bafumanisa ukuba abemi bamandulo besixeko saseMayan esasinamandla saseTikal (amabhodlo aso achukumisayo aphakama kumahlathi aseGuatemala) bakhe izihluzo zamanzi besebenzisa izinto ezisuka kumazwe angaphandle ukusuka kwiindawo ezininzi ezikude. Abembi bezinto zakudala baye kwesi sigqibo emva kokuba befumene ubungqina benkqubo entsonkothileyo yezihluzi zendalo kwidama laseCorriental, elinye lamadama amahlanu okusela amanzi aseTikal.
Izihluzi zendalo: Uqwalaselo lobuchule baseMayans
Abaphandi baye bachonga i-quartz ye-crystalline kunye ne-zeolite e-Tikal, nangona i-mineral yokugqibela ifunyenwe kuphela kwi-Corriental reservoir. I-quartz efunyenwe kwisanti erhabaxa kunye ne-zeolite, i-crystalline compound eyenziwe nge-silicon kunye ne-aluminium, yenza i-sieve yendalo ye-molecular. Ukuchonga i-zeolite kunye ne-crystalline quartz kwi-sediments ye-Corriental water reservoir, izazinzulu zenze uhlalutyo lwe-X-ray diffraction (ubuchule obusetyenziselwa ukumisela ukulungelelaniswa kwee-athomu ngaphakathi kwekristale).
Ngokomgaqo, ezi ntlobo zezihluzi zendalo bezinokuthi zisuse iintsholongwane ezinobungozi, iikhompawundi ezityebileyo zenitrogen, isinyithi esinzima njengemercury kunye nezinye iityhefu ezivela emanzini, ngokutsho kukaKenneth Barnett Tankersley, unjingalwazi onxulumene neAnthropology kwiYunivesithi yaseCincinnati kunye nombhali okhokelayo. isifundo, epapashwe kwijenali Iingxelo zeSayensi.
Ngokomphandi, “Into enika umdla kukuba le nkqubo iya kuqhubeka isebenza namhlanje kwaye amaMayans ayifumene kwiminyaka engama-2,000 eyadlulayo. Bayila le nkqubo yokuhluza amanzi phantse iminyaka engamawaka amabini ngaphambi kokuba kusetyenziswe inkqubo efanayo eYurophu, nto leyo eyenza ibe yenye yezona nkqubo zindala zokucocwa kwamanzi ehlabathini.”
Enyanisweni, kumaMaya amandulo, ukufumana iindlela zokufumana nokugcina amanzi acocekileyo kwakubaluleke kakhulu. Njengezinye izixeko zaseMeya, i-Tikal yakhiwe kwi-limestone ene-porous eyenza ukufikelela kumanzi okusela kube nzima ixesha elide lonyaka, ngexesha lembalela. Ngoko babengenandlela incinane okanye babengenakwenza kwaphela ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amadama endalo angacocekanga, nto leyo eyayinokuba yingozi kakhulu kwimpilo yabo kwangaxeshanye.
Abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba le nkqubo yokucoca iqulethe i-quartz kunye ne-zeolite yayiza kukhusela ama-Mayans amandulo kwiibhaktheriya ezinobungozi kunye nezinye iityhefu ezinokuthi zenze abantu abasela kwi-reservoir bagule. "Mhlawumbi kwakungenxa yobungqina obulumkileyo bokuba amaMaya amandulo abona ukuba le nto yayinxulumene namanzi acocekileyo kwaye yenza umgudu wokuzisa kwisixeko sabo," batsho abaphandi. Kodwa indlela amaMayans alufumana ngayo ulwazi olunjalo lwemisebenzi yeemolekyuli ihlala ingumxholo ophikisanayo.
Ukusela amanzi, into ebalulekileyo
Ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje, uninzi lophando ngolawulo lwamanzi lwamandulo luye lwazama ukuchaza indlela impucuko eyayiwagcina, aqokelelwa ngayo okanye awawajika ngayo amanzi. Umgangatho wamanzi okusela uhleli kunzima ukulungisa. Olu phononongo luvule lo mgca wophando ngokuchonga umgangatho womthombo wamanzi kunye nokuba wawunokusekwa kwaye ugcinwe njani. Ewe kunjalo, ukwakha kwakhona ubomi, imikhwa kunye nenkuthazo yempucuko ukusuka kumawaka eminyaka eyadlulayo kunzima. “Asinabungqina bupheleleyo, kodwa sinobungqina obubambekayo obubambekayo. Ingcaciso yethu iyavakala,” batsho abaphandi.
Iminyaka eyiwaka ngaphambili into entsha
Iinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo zokuhluza amanzi ziye zabonwa nakwezinye iimpucuko zamandulo, eGrisi, eYiputa, naseMazantsi eAsia, kodwa esi sesokuqala ukubonwa kwilizwekazi laseMelika. “AmaMaya amandulo ayehlala kwindawo etshisayo yaye kwakufuneka abe nezinto ezintsha. Kwaye le yinto entsha ephawulekayo. Abantu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba amaMerika Omthonyama kwiNtshona yeHemisphere ayengenabo ubunjineli okanye umsipha wezobuchwepheshe njengeendawo ezinjengeGrisi, iRoma, iIndiya okanye iTshayina. Kodwa xa kufikwa kulawulo lwamanzi, amaMayans ayekwinkulungwane yeminyaka ngaphambili, ” baqukumbela abaphandi.
