Isiqithi i-Easter kumazantsi mpuma oLwandlekazi lwePasifiki, eChile, lelinye lawona mazwe azimeleyo ehlabathini. Ukutyhubela iinkulungwane, esi siqithi siguqukile sodwa kunye noluntu olwahlukileyo olwaziwayo njengabantu baseRapa Nui. Kwaye ngenxa yezizathu ezingaziwayo, baqala ukukrola imifanekiso eqingqiweyo yelitye lentaba-mlilo.
Le mifanekiso iqingqiweyo mikhulu, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-Moai, yenye yezona zinto zakudala zamandulo zakha zafunyanwa. Inzululwazi ibeka iithiyori ezininzi malunga nemfihlakalo yesiQithi se-Easter, kodwa zonke ezi ngcamango ziyaphikisana, kwaye inyaniso ayaziwa.
Imvelaphi yeRapa Nui
Abembi bezinto zakudala banamhlanje bakholelwa ukuba abantu bokuqala kunye nokuphela kwesi siqithi yayiliqela elahlukileyo labantu basePolynesia, ababekhe bazisa apha, emva koko abananxibelelwano nelizwe labo. Kude kube lolo suku lubalulekileyo ngo-1722 xa, ngeCawa yePasika, umDatshi uJacob Roggeveen wafumanisa esi siqithi. Wayengumntu wokuqala waseYurophu ukufumana esi siqithi sintsonkothileyo. Oku kufunyanwa kwimbali kamva kwabangela impikiswano eshushu malunga nemvelaphi yeRapa Nui.
UJacob Roggeveen kunye neqela lakhe baqikelela ukuba babengama-2,000 3,000 ukuya kuma-100 12,000 abemi kwesi siqithi. Ngokucacileyo, abaphandi baxela abambalwa kunye nabemi abambalwa njengoko iminyaka iqhubeka, de ekugqibeleni, abantu bancipha baba ngaphantsi kwe-XNUMX kwisithuba samashumi ambalwa eminyaka. Ngoku, kuqikelelwa ukuba abemi besi siqithi babe malunga ne-XNUMX kwincopho yayo.
Akukho mntu unokuvuma ngesizathu esiqinisekileyo sokuba yintoni ebangele ukuhla ngesiquphe kwabemi besiqithi okanye uluntu lwalo. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba esi siqithi asinakho ukugcina izibonelelo ezaneleyo zoluntu oluninzi, olukhokelele kwimfazwe yobuhlanga. Abemi nabo babenokulamba, njengoko oku kungqinwa kukuhlala kwamathambo empuku aphekiweyo afunyanwa kwesi siqithi.
Elinye icala, abanye abaphengululi bathi ukugcwala kweempuku kubangela ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kwesi siqithi ngokutya yonke imbewu. Ukongeza, abantu abagawula imithi baze bayitshise bakhawulezisa inkqubo. Ngenxa yoko, wonke umntu wahamba ngokusilela kwezixhobo, ezikhokelela ekuweni kweempuku kwaye ekugqibeleni nabantu.
Abaphandi baxela abantu abaxubeneyo kwesi siqithi, kwaye bekukho abantu abanebala elimnyama, kunye nabantu abanesikhumba esihle. Abanye babeneenwele ezibomvu kunye nebala eliluhlaza. Oku akunxibelelananga ngokupheleleyo nenguqulelo yasePolynesia yemvelaphi yabemi bendawo, ngaphandle kobungqina obudala obukuxhasa ukufuduka kwezinye iziqithi kuLwandlekazi lwePasifiki.
Kucingelwa ukuba abantu baseRapa Nui bahamba baya kwesi siqithi kumbindi weSouth Pacific besebenzisa amaphenyane amaplanga malunga ne-800 CE-nangona enye ithiyori iphakamisa malunga ne-1200 CE. Ke ngoko abembi bezinto zakudala basaqhubeka nokuxoxa ithiyori ye-archaeologist edumileyo kunye nomhloli wamazwe uThor Heyerdahl.
Kumanqaku akhe, u-Heyerdahl uthi ngabahlali besi siqithi, abohlulwe baba ziiklasi ezininzi. Abemi beso siqithi abakhanyiswe ukukhanya baba yimoto emide kwii-earlobes. Imizimba yabo yayibhalwe kakhulu, kwaye banqula imifanekiso eqingqiweyo yaseMoai, besenza umsitho phambi kwabo. Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba abantu abanesikhumba esicocekileyo babehlala phakathi kwabantu basePolynesia kwisiqithi esikude kangako?
Abanye abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba i-Easter Island yazinziswa ngokwamanqanaba eenkcubeko ezimbini ezahlukeneyo. Enye inkcubeko yayivela ePolynesia, enye isuka eMzantsi Melika, mhlawumbi isuka ePeru, apho kwafunyanwa khona izidumbu zabantu bakudala abaneenwele ezibomvu.
Imfihlelo yeSiqithi se-Easter ayipheleli apha, zininzi izinto ezingaqhelekanga ezinxulunyaniswe nalo mhlaba wembali ungabalulekanga. IRongorongo kunye neRapamycin zinomdla kuzo ezibini.
URongorongo-Izikripthi ezingafakwanga
Xa abavangeli basemazweni bafika e-Easter Island ngeminyaka yoo-1860, bafumana amacwecwe omthi aqingqiweyo aneempawu. Babuza abemi baseRapa Nui ukuba le mibhalo ithetha ukuthini, kwaye baxelelwa ukuba akukho mntu waziyo, kuba abantu basePeru bababulala bonke abantu abazizilumko. URapa Nui wasebenzisa amacwecwe njengeenkuni okanye izixhobo zokuloba, kwaye ukuphela kwenkulungwane, babesele bengasekho. URongorongo ubhalwe kwiindlela ezitshintshanayo; ufunda umgca ukusuka ekhohlo ukuya ekunene, emva koko ujike ithebhulethi ngeedigri ezili-180 kwaye ufunde umgca olandelayo.
Zininzi iinzame zokucacisa isicatshulwa se-Rongorongo se-Easter Island okoko yafunyanwa emva kwenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba. Njengoninzi lwezikripthi ezingachazwanga, uninzi lwezindululo belunomdla. Ngaphandle kwenxalenye yethebhulethi enye ebonakalisiweyo ukuba ijongene nekhalenda yenyanga, akukho nasinye isicatshulwa esiqondwayo, kwaye nekhalenda ayinakufundeka. Ayaziwa ukuba i-rongorongo imele ngokuthe ngqo ulwimi lweRapa Nui okanye hayi.
Iingcali kudidi olunye lwethebhulethi khange zikwazi ukufunda ezinye iitafile, ziphakamisa ukuba i-rongorongo ayisiyiyo inkqubo emanyeneyo, okanye ukuba kukubhala kwangaphambili kufuna ukuba umfundi sele esazi isicatshulwa.
I-Rapamycin: Isitshixo sokungafi
Iibhaktheriya eziyimfihlakalo zesiQithi sePasika zinokuba sisitshixo sokungafi. Rapamycin, okanye kwaziwa njenge USirolimus, sisiyobisi esasifunyenwe kwasekuqaleni kwi-Easter Island bacteria. Abanye oososayensi bathi inokumisa inkqubo yokuguga kwaye ibe sisitshixo sokungafi. Inokwandisa ubomi beempuku ezindala nge-9 ukuya kwi-14 yeepesenti, kwaye inyusa ixesha elide kwiimpukane nakwigwele nayo. Nangona uphando lwakutsha nje lubonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba iRapamycin inendawo yokulwa ukwaluphala, ayikho ngaphandle komngcipheko kwaye iingcali aziqinisekanga malunga nokuba ziziphumo kunye neziphumo ebezingalindelwanga ekusebenziseni ixesha elide.
isiphelo
Izazinzulu azinakuze zifumane mpendulo iqinisekileyo ngexa abantu basePolynesia bathanga ngayo isiqithi kunye nokuba kutheni impucuko yawa ngokukhawuleza. Ngapha koko, kwakutheni ukuze babe semngciphekweni wokuhamba ngenqanawa kulwandle oluvulekileyo, kwakutheni ukuze banikele ubomi babo ekuqingqeni iMoai ngaphandle kwe-tuff- luthuthu lwentaba-mlilo. Nokuba ziludidi lweentuku okanye abantu abonakalise indalo, i-Easter Island ihlala ilumkiso kwihlabathi.
