Izazinzulu zaseScandinavia ziyichongile into eyaziwayo kunye ne-Rök Runestone. Inee-runes ezingama-700 ezibonisa a imo iyatshintshaoko kungazisa ubusika obunzima kunye nokuphela kwexesha.
Kwintsomi yaseNorse, ukufika kweFimbulwintr kuchaza ukuphela kwehlabathi. Yile nto ithethwa zii-runes kwi-Rokk Runestone, eyakhiwe ngegranite entle ngenkulungwane yesithoba kufutshane neChibi iVättern kumazantsi embindini weSweden. Eli litye limi ngeenyawo ezisibhozo ubude nelinye lisiya ezantsi, liphawuleka ngokuba nelona gama libhalwe emhlabeni, kwaye lingaphezulu kweempawu ezingama-700 ezihamba kumacala alo amahlanu ngaphandle kwesiseko esasizakubekwa phantsi komhlaba.
Isicatshulwa sithathwa njengeyona intle kuzo zonke amatye okubaleka kumazwe aseScandinavia ngenxa yokwahluka kwawo. USophus Bugge, ummi waseNorway, wahambisa inguqulelo yokuqala ngowe-1878, kodwa ingcaciso yakhe iseyimbambano nanamhlanje.
UPer Holmberg, unjingalwazi waseSweden kwiYunivesithi yaseGothenburg, wakhokela isifundo esapapashwa kwiphephancwadi i 'Futhark: International Journal of Runic Study.' IRök Runestone, ngokoluvo lwakhe, yakhiwa ngu Vikings esoyika ukubuya kwentlekele yemozulu. IiViking zazizinikele kakhulu kwizithixo zazo kwaye zazikholelwa kakhulu kwiinkolelo, ukukhafula kunye nokuprofeta.
"IiVikings zakha iRök Stone ukulumkisa izizukulwana ezizayo ngentlekele ezayo."
Kude kube kutshanje, bekucingelwa ukuba i-runestone luhlobo lwelitye elinikezelwe kunyana oswelekileyo, njengoko kubhekiswa kulo “KaTheodoric” izenzo zobugorha. Ngokwabaphengululi abaninzi, le Theodoric ayikho enye ngaphandle kwenkulungwane yesithandathu ye-Ostrogoth, uTheodoric Omkhulu. Nangona kunjalo, le yinxalenye yesalathiso ebhalwe kwi-Old Icelandic.
Eyona ntsingiselo yesicatshulwa kunzima ukuyiqonda kuba amacandelo alahlekile kwaye ibandakanya iintlobo ezininzi zokubhala, ibonisa ukubaluleka kwesifundo esikhoyo, esasiqhutywa ngabahlohli abavela kumaziko amathathu aseSweden. Ngoku bakholelwa ukuba ukumakishwa kuthethwa ngexesha elibandayo lokubanda, njengoko umntu ophakamise ilitye azama ukubeka ukufa konyana wakhe kwimeko.
“Inkqubo yeendlela ezininzi ezahlukileyo yaba sisitshixo ekuvuleni amanani obhaliso. "Bekuya kuba nzima ukutyhila iimfihlakalo zendlela yokubaleka yeRök ngaphandle kwale ntsebenziswano ngokudibanisa uhlalutyo loncwadi, ubugcisa bezinto zakudala, imbali yezenkolo, kunye nebaleki," utshilo uPer Holmberg xa ephawula "kwi-Europa Press". Ngokutsho kophononongo, lo mbhalo uveza usizi olubangelwe kukusweleka konyana kunye nokoyika intlekele yemozulu entsha ethelekiswa nentlekele eyenzeka emva ko-536 AD.
Kuyabonakala ukuba, ngaphambi kokwakhiwa kwelitye lokubaleka leRök, uthotho lweziganeko zemozulu zenzeka ukuba abahlali batolike njengezinto ezoyikisayo: isivunguvungu esinamandla selanga sakha umbala esibhakabhakeni ngemibala ebomvu ebomvu, isivuno sesivuno sabanda kakhulu ehlotyeni, kwaye kamva, ukusithwa kwelanga yinyanga emva kokuphuma kwelanga. NgokukaBo Gräslund, unjingalwazi wezinto zakudala kwiYunivesithi yaseUppsala, inye kuphela kwezi zinto zinokwanela ukwenza uFimbulwintr oyike.
Ubusika bobusika, ngokwentsomi yaseNorse, buhlala iminyaka emithathu ngaphandle kokuphefumla kwaye kwenzeka kwangoko phambi kweRagnarok (ukuphela kwehlabathi). Yivelise amaqhwithi, imimoya yenkanyamba, amaqondo obushushu ashushu, kunye nomkhenkce. Ngelixa i-Poetic Edda, eqanjwe ngenkulungwane ye-13, iyangqina, abantu walamba yindlala waphelelwa lithemba kunye nobubele njengoko babesokola besindisa ubomi babo.
