Ukususela ekusekweni kwempucuko, abantu baye babona izinto ezinjalo ezingaqhelekanga nezingaqondakaliyo ekukholelwa ngokubanzi ukuba bezivela kwelinye ihlabathi, ziqhayisa ngezidalwa ezikrelekrele ezihambele phambili. Ukusuka kwi-prehistoric cave-arts ukuya kwi-science-gallery yanamhlanje, kukho iitoni zezinto ezinezizathu ezichanekileyo kunye nemvelaphi engaziwa, kwaye eyona nto iphikisanayo kuzo "Imiqondiso engaqhelekanga evela kwindawo enzulu" ukuba, ngokutsho kwabantu abaninzi, inokuba bubungqina bokwenene bobomi obuhambele phambili bangaphandle komhlaba.
Uqikelelo lweFiziksi uPhilip Morrison kunye noGiuseppe Cocconi:
Ingcali yefiziksi yaseCornell uPhilip Morrison kunye noGiuseppe Cocconi baqikelele kwiphepha lophando ngo-1959 ukuba nayiphi na ngaphandle impucuko ezama ukunxibelelana ngemiqondiso kanomathotholo inokukwenza oko isebenzisa amaza e-1420 megahertz (21 yeesentimitha), ekhutshwa ngokuqinisekileyo yeyona nto ixhaphakileyo kwiNdalo iphela, iHydrogen; kwaye ifanele ukuba yinto eqhelekileyo kubo bonke abantu abahambele phambili kwezobuchwepheshe okanye abakrelekrele.
Iimpawu ezingaqhelekanga zicholwe kwi-Arecibo:
Kwiminyaka embalwa kamva ngowe-1968, kwabakho iingxelo ezininzi zemiqondiso engaziwayo evela emajukujukwini eyathatyathwa kwiteleskopu kanomathotholo yaseArecibo ePuerto Rico. Kunokufunyanwa inani leendaba-amanqaku avela kwi-1968 apho le miqondiso ingaqhelekanga yakhankanywa njengobungqina obunokubakho bobukho bezidalwa ezihamba phambili zangaphandle. Ngelo xesha, uGqr. Frank Donald Drake owaziwa ngokuba yi-eponymous equation (Drake Equation) malunga nokuba nokwenzeka kobomi bangaphandle komhlaba, uthathe umdla wakhe omkhulu kwezi ziganeko zomqondiso zingaqhelekanga.
Indlebe Enkulu:
Kwiminyaka emihlanu kamva ngo-1973, emva kokugqiba uphando olubanzi lwemithombo yerediyo ye-extragalactic, iYunivesithi yaseOhio State yabela Ngoku akusafuneki Ohio State University Radio Observatory okanye aka “Indlebe Enkulu” (eyayimi kufuphi nePerkins Observatory eDelaware, eOhio, eUnited States) ukuya ukhangelo lwezenzululwazi kubukrelekrele bangaphandle komhlaba (SETI). Yayiyeyona nkqubo ithathe ixesha elide embalini.
Umyalezo weArecibo:
Kunyaka ozayo, uGqr Drake wayecinga inyathelo eliya phambili kwaye wadala ngokumangalisayo umyalezo ngoncedo oluvela uCarl Sagan, eyaziwa ngokuba yi "Umyalezo weArecibo", Umyalezo werediyo we-interstellar ophethe ulwazi olusisiseko malunga nobuntu kunye noMhlaba othunyelwe kwiqela leenkwenkwezi zeglowubhu Umnyele weM13 ngethemba lokuba ubukrelekrele bangaphandle komhlaba bunokubufumana bubuqonde.
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| Amacandelo ahlukeneyo omyalezo aphawulwe ngemibala. Olona gqithiso lokubini aluthwalanga ngcaciso yombala. |
"Umyalezo weArecibo" inamalungu asixhenxe afaka oku kulandelayo (ukusuka phezulu ukuya phezulu):
- Inani elinye (1) ukuya kwishumi (10) (mhlophe)
- Amanani eathom eezakhi, ihydrogen carbon, initrogen, ioksijini, nephosphorus, eyenza ideoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) (mfusa)
- Ifomula yeeswekile kunye neziseko kwi-nucleotides ye-DNA (eluhlaza)
- Inani le-nucleotides kwi-DNA, kunye nomzobo we-double helix structure ye-DNA (emhlophe & nebhlowu)
- Umzobo womzobo womntu, idimension (ubude bomzimba) bomntu ophakathi, kunye nabemi bomhlaba (bomvu, bhlowu/mhlophe, & mhlophe ngokulandelelanayo)
- Umzobo weSolar System ebonisa ukuba zeziphi iiplanethi umyalezo ophuma kuzo (tyheli)
- Umzobo weteleskopu yerediyo ye-Arecibo kunye nobukhulu (ubukhulu obubonakalayo) besitya se-eriyali esithumelayo (mfusa, mhlophe, & bhlowu)
NgoNovemba 16, 1974, kumsitho okhethekileyo wokuphawula ukuhlaziywa ngokutsha kweteleskopu kanomathotholo yaseArecibo ePuerto Rico, esi sigidimi sasasazwa esibhakabhakeni isihlandlo nje esinye ngamaza kanomathotholo.
Umqondiso weWow:
Ngomhla we-15 ka-Agasti, ngo-1977, iteleskopu yerediyo ye-Big Ear yeYunivesithi yaseOhio State yafumana isignali yerediyo eyomeleleyo eyomeleleyo eyathi kamva yasetyenziswa ukuxhasa ukukhangelwa kobukrelekrele bangaphandle komhlaba. Umqondiso wabonakala uvela kwikroza leSagittarius kwaye uneempawu ezilindelekileyo zemvelaphi yangaphandle. Isixhobo sikanomathotholo sahlala imizuzwana engama-72 kuphela kwaye asizange siphinde siviwe.
Isazi ngeenkwenkwezi kunye nomphandi we-SETI, uJerry R. Ehman, bafumanisa oku kungaqhelekanga kwiintsuku ezimbalwa kamva ngelixa bephonononga idatha erekhodiweyo ngaphambili. Wamangaliswa gqitha ngumphumo kangangokuba wajikeleza ufundo (6EQUJ5) kushicilelo lwekhompyuter kwaye wabhala izimvo Wowu! kwicala layo, ekhokelela kwigama lomsitho elisetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Amaxabiso amabini awohlukeneyo eWow! Ukuphindaphinda komqondiso kunikwe: 1420.36 MHz ngu-JD Kraus kunye ne-1420.46 MHz nguJerry R. Ehman, zombini ezikufutshane kakhulu kwixabiso le-1420.41 MHz yomgca we-hydrogen, njengoko kuqikelelwe nguMorrison noCocconi.
The Wow! Umqondiso uthathwa njengenye yezona zinto zingaqondakaliyo ngeenkwenkwezi apho abantu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba ukuhambisa umyalezo wonxibelelwano ovela kwi-Extraterrestrial Intelligence. Ngelixa iqela labaphandi kunye neZiko leSayensi yePlanethi (CPS) liqinisekise ngokuthe ngqo kwinto entsha Iphepha lophando le-2017 ukuba lo mqondiso ongaqondakaliyo wenziwe yi-comet.
Iziganeko zeSangqa sokuTyalo:
Kwiminyaka engama-27 kamva yokuthumela “uMyalezo weArecibo,” ngowama-2001, isenzeko sesangqa sesityalo safumana ingqalelo efanelekileyo xa iphethini ekwimo yempendulo yosasazo lowe-1974 yavela kanye kufutshane neyona teleskopu inkulu yaseBritani, iChilbolton, kunye nesixhobo sokuphonononga. , likhaya kweyona radar yemeteorological inkulu ehlabathini. Sesona sangqa sesityalo esimangalisayo esakha savela, nokuba uyakholelwa ukuba yenziwe ngabantu okanye ubukrelekrele bangaphandle komhlaba.
Ngentla ngumfanekiso wento ebonakala ngathi yimpendulo kumyalezo othunyelwe kwi-1974 yi-NASA (unokubona kwakhona umfanekiso wokuqala wale post ukuze uqwalaselwe ngokucacileyo). Umyalezo uchaza inkqubo yelanga eyahlukileyo, umfanekiso womthumeli kanye njengomyalezo wokuqala we-NASA we-Arecibo, i-DNA engengomntu, kunye ne-antenna ye-microwave endaweni ye-antenna ye-radio-wave eboniswe kweyethu.
Ubuso obubona apho buvele kwiintsuku ezintathu phambi komfanekiso woxande. Ubuso bumele ubuchule obutsha kwimveliso yesangqa sezityalo, indlela yokuhlola ekwasetyenziselwa ukuprinta ubuso ephepheni. Nangona izazinzulu eziphambili zikholelwa ukuba ibhaliwe njengenkohliso, njengoko uninzi lwezangqa zezityalo zingaphakathi.
Ababaninzi abantu abayaziyo into yokuba izangqa zezityalo zenzeka kwihlabathi lonke kwaye amashumi eminyaka kukho amawaka eengxelo malunga neziganeko zesangqa sezityalo ezingachazwanga. Olunye uyilo lwazo luntsonkothile yaye lucokisekile kangangokuba luye lwadida abantu ababukeleyo, abaphandi kunye nezazinzulu ngokufanayo.
Ayisiyiyo loo nto kuphela, kodwa uninzi loyilo luhlala luhlawuliswa nge-electrostatically, ngokuqhelekileyo kunye nodi lwezinye izikhondo zezityalo eziqhushumbayo kwelinye icala. Ezinye zazo zikwangcoliswe ngamasuntswana emagnethi angaqhelekanga. Esi siphumo siye saphindwa ngokufudumeza kwe-microwave yendawo kakhulu, ebangela ukuba amanzi angaphakathi kwezo zityalo aguqulwe abe ngumphunga kwaye agxothwe, ngaloo ndlela isitokhwe sintywilise ngokupheleleyo kwicala elinye.
Le nyaniso ikhokelele ukuba ezinye iingcali zefiziksi zenze uphando olungakumbi kwezi ziganeko, zigqibe kwelokuba abenzi bobubi (abangazange babanjwe besenza isangqa sesityalo naphi na) basebenzisa izixhobo zeGPS, iilaser, kunye neemicrowaves ukwenza ezi geometric zothusayo. iifom.
Iimpawu ezingaqhelekanga zokuQhutywa kweRadio ngokukhawuleza:
Ukusukela ngo-2007, abaphandi bebejonge ngokumangalisayo omnye umqondiso ongaqhelekanga okanye isandi esibizwa ngokuba Fast Radio Burst (I-FRB) evela ngaphandle komnyele wethu ngokuphindaphindiweyo. IiFast Radio Bursts zithiywe ngomhla worekhodwa isiginali, njenge “FRB YYMMDD”. Irediyo yokuqala ekhawulezayo igqabhuke ukuba ichazwe, iLorimer Burst I-FRB 010724, ichongiwe ngo-2007 kwidatha egciniweyo ebhalwe yiParkes Observatory ngomhla wama-24 kaJulayi 2001.
Kukho ngaphezulu Iingxelo ezili-150 zobungqina beFast Radio Bursts kude kube ngoku kodwa iingcali azikasondeli ekufumaneni kanye ukuba yintoni na – okanye ivela phi. Ukuyibeka ngokulula, ukufunyanwa komqondiso kuyafana nokuva isithonga esikhulu emva koko ujike ungafumani nto. I-Stargazers ishiywe ngaphandle kwemikhondo kwaye ayinalo nofifi lwendlela isandi esivela kuyo.
Iithiyori eziNgemva kweRadio Burst ekhawulezayo (FRB):
Kukho iithiyori zokuba ukugqabhuka kuvela kwiinkwenkwezi ezinkulu zeneutron ezikhupha imitha emikhulu, ebizwa iipulsars, okanye zisenokuba ziphuma kwimingxuma emnyama okanye iinkwenkwezi zeneutron ezijikelezayo ezinemihlaba yemagnethi eyomeleleyo. Ngelixa, abaphandi baseHarvard bacebise ukuba ezi FRB zibangelwa kuhambo lwendawo yasemzini okanye itekhnoloji yangaphandle ehambele phambili. Kodwa kukho ithemba lokuba inokuba bubomi basemzini obuzama ukunxibelelana.
Umqondiso ongaqhelekanga ovela kuRoss 128:
NgoMeyi 12, 2017, abaphandi baseArecibo Observatory baye babona iimpawu ezingaqondakaliyo ezivela I-Ross 128, inkwenkwezi encinci ebomvu ebekwe malunga ne-11 yeminyaka yokukhanya ukusuka eMhlabeni. Inkwenkwezi imalunga nama-2,800 aphindwe kabini bubumnyama kunelanga kwaye ayikaziwa ukuba inazo naziphi na iiplanethi, kwaye yeyona nkwenkwezi ikufutshane neLanga ye-15.
Ngokweengxelo, inkwenkwezi yabonwa imizuzu elishumi, ngelo xesha isignali yerediyo ebanzi "yayiphantse ibe ngamaxesha" kwaye yehla ngamaxesha. Akukho zimpawu zilolu hlobo zifunyenweyo kuphononongo oluthe kratya olulandelwa ngu-Arecibo, ngelixa abanye baye bacebisa ukuba imiqondiso eneneni yenziwe kuphazamiseko lwamaza kanomathotholo ukusuka kwisathelayithi eyenziweyo ejikeleza umhlaba, kwaye ingxoxo iyaqhubeka.
Umqondiso oMmangaliso oPhinda rhoqo ngeentsuku eziyi-16.35:
Iqela labaphandi baseKhanada lisandula ukufumanisa umqondiso wonomathotholo ongaqondakaliyo ovela kumnyele okwi-500 yezigidi zokukhanya-kuminyaka ukusuka apho uphinda-phinda rhoqo kwisithuba seentsuku ezili-16.35. Kwaye akukho mntu uyazi ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba zibangelwa yintoni.
Isiphelo:
Kwiimeko ezinjalo ezingavamile, phantsi kweemeko ezingaqondakaliyo, ukuthatha yonke into ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga eqhelekileyo yimpawu yethu yokuzalwa. Ngale ndlela, sizama ukukholisa abanye kwaye ngamanye amaxesha nathi. Ke, ucinga ntoni ngale miqondiso yangaphandle ingaqhelekanga iziganeko?? Zive ukhululekile ukwabelana ngezimvo zakho ezixabisekileyo kwibhokisi yezimvo engezantsi.
