Batho ba pele ba Amerika ba ne ba tsoma li-armadillo tse kholo 'me ba lula ka har'a likhetla tsa bona

Li-Glyptodon e ne e le liphoofolo tse khōlō tse anyesang tse hlometseng tse neng li lekana le Volkswagen Beetle, ’me matsoalloa a moo a ne a ipata ka har’a likhetla tsa ’ona tse khōlōhali.

Haeba u rata ho tseba ka liphoofolo tsa pele ho histori, mohlomong u kile ua utloa ka li-armadillo tse khōlō. Liphoofolo tsena li ne li solla lefatšeng lilemong tse limilione tse fetileng, ’me e ne e le karolo ea bohlokoa ea tikoloho. Kajeno, li felile, empa li siile lefa le lengata la kamoo li neng li sebelisoa ke litso tsa matsoalloa a teng mehleng ea pele ho nalane. Lilemong tsa morao tjena, bo-rasaense ba sibolotse litsela tse ngata tse makatsang tseo matsoalloa a moo a ileng a sebelisa nonyana e khōlōhali ea armadillo ho phela ka tsona, e leng se ka ’nang sa etsa hore li timele.

Batho ba pele ba Amerika ba ne ba tsoma li-armadillo tse kholo 'me ba lula ka har'a likhetla tsa bona 1
Phetolelo ea 3D ea Glyptodons (armadillo e kholo) e neng e lula Amerika Boroa le Bohareng ho tloha lilemong tse ka bang limilione tse 5.3 ho isa ho tse 11,700 tse fetileng, ho bolelang hore batho ba pele ba ne ba phela hammoho le libopuoa tsena tse kholo. © AdobeStock

Li-armadillo tse kholo ho Paleontology

Batho ba pele ba Amerika ba ne ba tsoma li-armadillo tse kholo 'me ba lula ka har'a likhetla tsa bona 2
Li-Glyptodonts, joalo ka mesaletsa ena ea Minnesota Science Museum, li na le likhetla tse kopantsoeng hammoho sebakeng se thata. © Ryan Somma/Flickr

Li-armadillo tse khōlōhali ke tsa lelapa la Glyptodontidae, sehlopha sa liphoofolo tse anyesang tse timeletseng tse neng li lula Amerika Boroa nakong ea Nako ea Pleistocene. E ne e le liphoofolo tse khōlōhali, tse boima ba lik’hilograma tse 1,500 10 ’me li le bolelele ba limithara tse XNUMX. Li ne li e-na le lihlomo tse ikhethang tsa masapo tse neng li li sireletsa ho libatana le ho li fa mokhoa o matla oa ho itšireletsa.

Litsebi tsa paleonto li sibollotse mefuta e mengata ea li-armadillo tse kholo, ho kenyeletsoa Glyptodon, Doedicurus le Panochthus. Mefuta ena e ne e e-na le libopeho tse fapaneng tsa 'mele, empa kaofela li ne li arolelana lihlomo tse tšoanang ebile e le liphoofolo tse jang litlama.

Litšobotsi tsa 'mele tsa li-armadillos tse kholo

Batho ba pele ba Amerika ba ne ba tsoma li-armadillo tse kholo 'me ba lula ka har'a likhetla tsa bona 3
Ba batona ba Doedicurus ba ne ba e-na le mehatla e metsu, e kang meqathatso eo ho neng ho nahanoa hore e ne e sebelisetsoa ho loantša tse tona tse ling mohlomong le libatana. © Peter Schouten

Li-armadillo tse khōlō e ne e le libōpuoa tse ikhethang tse nang le litšobotsi tse 'maloa tse hlollang tsa 'mele. Li ne li e-na le khetla e teteaneng ea lihlomo tsa masapo tse ileng tsa hōla ho ba khōlō joaloka Beetle ea Volkswagen ’me li ne li koahetse ’mele oohle oa tsona, ho akarelletsa hlooho, maoto le mohatla. Sehlomo sena se ne se entsoe ka lipoleiti tse likete tsa masapo tse kopantsoeng hammoho, ho li fa mokhoa o matla oa ho itšireletsa khahlanong le libatana.

Manala a tsona a ne a boetse a ikhetha, ’me a ne a sebelisetsoa ho cheka mekoti, ho fumana lijo le ho itšireletsa khahlanong le libatana. Li ne li e-na le nko e telele eo li neng li e sebelisa bakeng sa ho batla lijo, ’me meno a tsona a ne a etselitsoe ho sila limela.

Sebaka sa bolulo le kabo ea li-armadillo tse kholo

Li-armadillo tse kholo li ile tsa fumanoa Amerika Boroa, haholo-holo makhulong le masabasabeng. Li ne li rata libaka tse nang le limela tse nonneng le mehloli ea metsi ’me hangata li ne li fumanoa haufi le linōka le matša.

Ba ne ba boetse ba tsejoa ka ho cheka mekhoa e mengata ea mekoti eo ba neng ba e sebelisa bakeng sa bolulo le tšireletso. Hangata mekoti ena e ne e le botebo ba limithara tse ’maloa ’me e ne e fana ka sebaka se sireletsehileng ho libatana le maemo a leholimo a feteletseng.

Tšebeliso ea li-armadillo tse kholo litsong tsa matsoalloa

Li-armadillo tse khōlō li phethile karolo ea bohlokoa bophelong ba matsoalloa a Amerika Boroa. Li ne li tsongoa bakeng sa nama ea tsona, eo e neng e le mohloli oa bohlokoa oa protheine. Matsoalloa a moo a ne a boetse a sebelisa likhetla tsa ’ona mererong e sa tšoaneng, e kang ho etsa matlo a bolulo, lithulusi, esita le liletsa tsa ’mino.

Litsong tse ling, lihlomo tsa masapo tsa li-armadillo tse khōlō li ne li boetse li sebelisetsoa merero ea bolumeli le ea moea. Ba ne ba lumela hore lihlomo tsena li na le lintho tse sireletsang le hore li ka leleka meea e khopo.

Karolo ea li-armadillos tse kholo tikolohong ea tikoloho

Li-armadillo tse khōlō e ne e le liphoofolo tse jang litlama, 'me li ne li phetha karolo ea bohlokoa tikolohong ka ho thusa ho boloka botsitso pakeng tsa limela le liphoofolo tse ling tse jang limela. Li ne li tsebahala ka ho ja limela tse thata, tse nang le likhoele tseo liphoofolo tse ling tse jang litlama li neng li sitoa ho li sila, ’me li ne li thusa ho jala peō hohle moo li lulang teng.

Mekoti ea tsona e ne e boetse e fana ka bolulo bakeng sa liphoofolo tse ling tse kang litoeba, lihahabi le linonyana. Tsa bona Litsamaiso tsa mekoti hangata li ne li le ngata haholo hore li ka sebelisoa ke mefuta e mengata e fapaneng ka nako e le 'ngoe.

Li-armadillo tse khōlōhali li ile tsa timela joang?

Lebaka le tobileng la hore na ke hobane’ng ha li-armadillo tse khōlōhali li ile tsa timela le ntse le sa tsejoe, empa bo-rasaense ba lumela hore ho tsoma ha batho ho phethile karolo ea bohlokoa. Ha batho ba fihla Amerika Boroa, ba ile ba tsoma liphoofolo tse ngata tse anyesang tse khōlō, ho kenyelletsa le armadillo ea tonanahali, ho timela.

Batho ba ka ’na ba se ba qalile ho tsoma li-glyptodonts ka mor’a hore li fihle Amerika Boroa, tseo e ka ’nang eaba li ile tsa kenya letsoho ho timeleng ha tsona. © Heinrich Harder
Batho ba ka ’na ba se ba qalile ho tsoma li-glyptodonts ka mor’a hore li fihle Amerika Boroa, tseo e ka ’nang eaba li ile tsa kenya letsoho ho timeleng ha tsona. © Heinrich Harder

Tahlehelo ea liphoofolo tsena e bile le phello e khōlō tikolohong, ’me ho ile ha nka lilemo tse likete hore tikoloho ea lintho tse phelang le tikoloho e ntlafatse. Kajeno, bopaki feela ba ho ba teng ha bona ke masapo a bona a maholohali le lefa leo ba le siileng morao litsong tse neng li itšetlehile ka bona bakeng sa ho phela.

Batho ba pele ba Amerika ba ne ba tsoma li-armadillo tse kholo 'me ba lula ka har'a likhetla tsa bona 4
Pampatherium ke mofuta o mong o timetseng oa liphoofolo tsa pele ho histori tse neng li lula Linaheng tsa Amerika nakong ea Pleistocene. Mefuta e meng e ile ea timela hona moeling oa Pleistocene-Holocene. Li-Pampatheres ka kakaretso li ne li tšoana le li-armadillo tse kholo, haholo-holo ka sebōpeho sa lehata la eona, nko e telele, le boteng ba libaka tse tharo holim'a carapace (lihlopha tse tsamaeang, lithebe tsa scapular le pelvic). Har'a lintho tse li khethollang ho li-armadillos ke meno a tsona a ka morao, a bilobate ho e-na le a kang thakhisa. © Wikimedia Commons

Batho ba ile ba tsoma liphoofolo tse anyesang hore li timele Amerika Leboea

Feela joaloka Amerika Boroa, Amerika Leboea e kile ea e-ba lehae la liphoofolo tse ngata tse anyesang tse khōlō, tse kang mammoth, mastodon le li-sloth tse fatše. Leha ho le joalo, lilemong tse ka bang 13,000 XNUMX tse fetileng, liphoofolo tsena li ile tsa qala ho nyamela. Bo-rasaense ba lumela hore ho tsoma ha batho e ne e le le leng la mabaka a ka sehloohong a entseng hore ba timele.

Batho ba pele ba Amerika ba ne ba tsoma li-armadillo tse kholo 'me ba lula ka har'a likhetla tsa bona 5
Li-mammoth tse boea, li-armadillo tse khōlō le mefuta e meraro ea likamele li ne li le har'a liphoofolo tse anyesang tse fetang 30 tse ileng tsa tsongoa hore li timele ke batho ba Amerika Leboea lilemong tse 13,000 12,000 ho isa ho tse XNUMX XNUMX tse fetileng. ho latela mokhoa oa sebele oa khomphutha o tsoetseng pele ho fihlela joale. © Stock

Ho fihla ha batho (Paleolithic hunter-gatherers) Amerika Leboea e bile phetoho e kholo historing ea tikoloho, 'me ho ile ha nka lilemo tse likete tse' maloa hore tikoloho e hlaphoheloe ho tloha tahlehelong ea liphoofolo tsena tse ikhethang tse ratang tikoloho.

Ho lumeloa hore ho fihla ha batho Amerika Leboea ho etsahetse lilemong tse fetang 15,000 ho isa ho tse 20,000 tse fetileng (lilemong tse 33,000 tse fetileng, ho latela mehloli e meng) ka borokho ba mobu bo neng bo kopanya Siberia, Russia le Alaska ea kajeno, e tsejoang ka hore ke Bering Strait. Ho falla hona e ne e le ketsahalo ea bohlokoa e ileng ea bōpa histori ea k’honthinente ’me ea fetola tikoloho ka litsela tseo bo-rasaense ba ntseng ba ithuta tsona le kajeno.

E ’ngoe ea liphello tse khōlō ka ho fetisisa tsa ho fihla ha batho Amerika Leboea e bile ho hlahisoa ha mefuta e mecha e kang lipere, likhomo, likolobe le liphoofolo tse ling tse ruuoang lapeng tse ileng tsa tlisoa hammoho le bajaki. Sena se ile sa lebisa phetohong ea limela le sebōpehong sa mobu, e leng se ileng sa fella ka ho falla ha mefuta ea tlhaho ea tlhaho le letoto la liphetoho tsa tikoloho.

Palo ea batho Amerika Leboea le eona e bakile mathata a mangata a tikoloho ka temo, ho tsoma le ho rema meru, e leng ho ileng ha fella ka ho timela ha mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea liphoofolo, ho akarelletsa le mammoth, li-sloth tse khōlōhali le linkoe ​​tse meno a saber.

Ho sa tsotellehe ho baka liphetoho tse khōlō tsa tikoloho, batho ba ile ba boela ba hlahisa mekhoa e mecha ea temo, theknoloji e tsoetseng pele le ho theha moruo o mocha o ileng oa ntlafatsa boleng ba bophelo ba bona. Ka hona, ho fihla ha batho Amerika Leboea ho ke ke ha talingoa feela ka pono e mpe empa hape ho tlisitse litlamorao tse ntle tse ntle tikolohong eo.

Boemo ba hona joale le paballo ea li-armadillo tse kholo

Ka bomalimabe, li-armadillo tse kholo tsa pele ho histori li felile, 'me ha ho na mehlala e phelang e setseng. Leha ho le joalo, lefa la bona le tsoela pele ho phela meetlong e neng e itšetlehile ka bona bakeng sa ho phela le sechaba sa saense se ba ithutang ho utloisisa histori ea tikoloho.

Batho ba pele ba Amerika ba ne ba tsoma li-armadillo tse kholo 'me ba lula ka har'a likhetla tsa bona 6
Liphuputso tsa DNA li senotse hore beng ka bona ba haufi ba sejoale-joale ba Glyptodonts ke li-armadillo tse pinki.Chlamyphorus truncatus) le li-armadillo tse kholo (Priodontes maximus). © Fickr

Kajeno, ho na le matsapa a 'maloa a paballo ea ho sireletsa libaka tsa bolulo tsa mefuta e meng ea armadillo, joalo ka armadillo e nang le lihlopha tse tšeletseng le armadillo e pinki. Boiteko bona bo bohlokoa bakeng sa ho boloka botsitso ba tikoloho le ho baballa liphoofolo tsena tse ikhethang bakeng sa meloko e tlang.

Mantsoe a ho qetela

Li-armadillo tse khōlō e ne e le libōpuoa tse tsotehang tsa pele ho histori tse neng li phetha karolo ea bohlokoa tikolohong le bophelong ba meetlo ea matsoalloa. Li ile tsa tsongoa ke batho hore li timele, ’me tahlehelo ea tsona e bile le phello e khōlō historing ea tikoloho. Kajeno, re ka ithuta ho tsoa lefa la bona mme ra sebeletsa ho sireletsa mefuta e meng ea li-armadillo le ho boloka botsitso ba tikoloho.