Gene ke karolo e le 'ngoe e sebetsang ea DNA. Mohlala, ho kanna ha ba le liphatsa tsa lefutso kapa tse peli bakeng sa 'mala oa moriri,' mala oa mahlo, hore na re hloile pelepele e tala, jj Ke tatellano feela ea limolek'hule tse hokahaneng tse bitsoang "bases" tse ikarabellang bakeng sa tšobotsi kapa protheine e fanoeng. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, genome ke pokello ea liphatsa tsohle tsa motho. Haeba re nahana ka liphatsa tsa lefutso joaloka lipolelo, re ka nahana ka genome ka buka eohle. Ha re sheba liphatsa tsa lefutso, re tšoenyeha haholo ka hore na li etsa eng. Ha re sheba liphatsa tsa lefutso, re tlameha ho tšoenyeha ka hore na lihlopha tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso li qala ho sebelisana joang.
Mona sehloohong sena, re hlophisitse lintlha tse ling tse makatsang le tse makatsang ka DNA le genome tse tla u hlasimolla.
1 | Boholo ba Genome:
Genome ea motho ke 3.3Gb (b e bolela metheo) ka boholo. Kokoana-hloko ea HIV ke 9.7kb feela. Sefuba sa lefutso se tsebahalang ka ho fetisisa ke 2.47Mb (letsoai la pandoravirus). Genome e kholo ka ho fetisisa e tsebahalang ea lesapo la mokokotlo ke 130Gb (tlhapi ea matšoafo). Mofuta oa semela o tsebahalang ka ho fetisisa ke 150Gb (Paris japonica). Genome e kholo ka ho fetisisa e tsejoang ke ea Amoeboid eo boholo ba eona e leng 670Gb, empa kopo ena ea hanyetsoa.
2 | E hlile e telele ho feta monahano oa rona:
Haeba e sa lokolohe 'me e hokahane hammoho, likhoele tsa DNA ka seleng ka' ngoe li ka ba bolelele ba limithara tse 6. Ka lisele tse 100 trillion 'meleng oa hau, seo se bolela hore haeba DNA ea hau eohle e ne e ka felisoa, e ne e tla otlolla lik'hilomithara tse fetang limilione tse likete tse 110. Ke maeto a makholo ho ea letsatsing!
3 | Methylation e Etsa Phapang:
Ho eketsoa ha sehlopha sa methyl libakeng tse ruileng tsa G le C tsa DNA ho etsa hore DNA e se sebetse kapa e se sebetse. Sebaka se sa ngolang kh'outu ea genome se methylated haholo. Ka ho e etsa, polelo ea lefutso e laoloa epigenetically. Motho e mong le e mong o na le se ikhethang methylation mohlala o fapaneng le emong. Kopi e le 'ngoe ea genome e futsitsoeng ho ntate ha e' ngoe e tsoa ho mme. Ka hona, mekhoa e 'meli e fapaneng ea methylation e teng leseeng.
Ho khahlisang ke hore nakong ea boimana ba nako ea ho qetela, DNA eohle ea methylated e felloa ke 'mele hanngoe ka motsotsoana ebe e ntlafatsoa ka tsela e fapaneng le ea mather le mme oa DNA. Nako le nako ha methylation e etsoa bocha nakong ea bokhachane.
4 | Liphatsa tsa lefutso li etsa liperesente tse 3 feela tsa DNA ea hau:
Liphatsa tsa lefutso ke likarolo tse khuts'oane tsa DNA, empa ha se DNA eohle eo e leng liphatsa tsa lefutso joalo ka ha re boletse pejana. Tsohle tse boletsoeng, liphatsa tsa lefutso li ka ba 1-3% ea DNA ea hau. Karolo e setseng ea DNA e laola tšebetso ea liphatsa tsa hau tsa lefutso.
5 | Ha e le hantle Adama o phetse lilemo tse 208,304 XNUMX tse fetileng!
Liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa batho li bontša hore kaofela re na le moholo-holo e motona ea tšoanang ea bitsoang Y-Chromosomal Adam. O phetse lilemo tse ka bang 208,304 tse fetileng.
6 | Ea 4 Ke Mang ??
Genome ea batho ba sejoale-joale e na le DNA e tsoang ho baholo-holo ba bane ba fapaneng: homo sapiens, Ma-Neanderthal, Li-Denisovans, le mofuta oa bone o seng o sa fumanehe.
7 | Liphatsa tsa lefutso tsee li bile teng joang?
Ho na le liphatsa tsa lefutso tse 45 tseo mofuta oa batho o ka 'nang oa li utsoa ho mefuta e meng, joalo ka liboko, lintsintsi tsa litholoana le libaktheria. Ha lia fetisoa feela ho tsoa ho baholo-holo ba rona ba khale. Sebakeng seo, ba tloletse ka kotloloho ho genome ea motho lilemong tse 'maloa tse fetileng.
8 | Kaofela re 99.9% ea liperesente tse tšoanang:
Har'a lipara tse libilione tse 3 tsa genome ea motho, 99.9% e ts'oana le motho ea haufi le rona. Ha phomolo eo e le 0.1% e ntse e re khetholla, ho bolela hore kaofela re ts'oana ho feta kamoo re fapaneng ka teng.
9 | Batho ba batla ba ts'oana le lichimpanzi:
97% ea genome ea motho e ts'oana le chimpanzee ha 50% ea genome ea motho e ts'oana le banana.
10 | Hang ha nako e ntse e ea, ho ne ho phela monna ea mahlo a maputsoa:
Phetoho ea lefutso ea HERC2 e fumanoang ho batho ba mahlo a maputsoa ho nahanoa hore e etsahetse hang feela, ho bolelang hore batho bohle ba mahlo a maputsoa ba arolelana moholo-holo a le mong eo phetoho e simolohileng ho eona.
11 | Makorea ha a hlahise monko oa 'mele:
Boholo ba Makorea ha a hlahise monko oa 'mele ka lebaka la taolo e kholo ea lefutso ABCC11. Ka lebaka leo, deodorant ke sehlahisoa se sa tloaelehang Korea.
12 | Tloso ea Chromosome 6p:
Nyeoe e le 'ngoe feela e tsebahalang ea "Chromosome 6p Deletion" moo motho a sa utloeng bohloko, tlala, kapa tlhoko ea ho robala (mme kamora moo a se na tšabo) ke ngoanana oa UK ea bitsoang Olivia Farnsworth. Ho 2016, o ile a otloa ke koloi mme a huleloa limithara tse 30, leha ho le joalo ha a ka a utloa letho mme a tsoa ka likotsi tse nyane.
13 | Phantom ea Heilbronn:
Ho tloha ka 1993 ho isa ho 2008, eona DNA eo e ile ea sibolloa libakeng tse 40 tsa botlokotsebe Europe, e leng se ileng sa lebisa lipatlisisong tsa "Phantom ea Heilbronn“, Eo e ileng ea ba mosali ea sebetsang fekthering ea swab ea k'hothone ea ileng a silafatsa li-swabs ka boomo ka DNA ea hae.
14 | DNA e tšoanang ea Mafahla:
Leha a ne a na le bopaki ba DNA ba 'melaelloa, mapolesa a Jeremane a ne a sitoa ho qosa $ 6.8 milione ea heel hobane DNA e le ea mafahla a tšoanang Hassan le Abbas O., 'me ho ne ho se na bopaki bo pakang hore na ke mang ho bona ea molato. Mafahla a Tšoanang a na le DNA e Tšoanang. Leha ho le joalo, ho latela lipatlisiso tse ncha, leha mafahla a ts'oanang a arolelana liphatsa tsa lefutso tse ts'oanang, ha a tšoane.
15 | Gene e fokotsang tlhoko ea boroko:
Batho ba 1-3% ba na le liphatsa tsa lefutso tse fetotsoeng tse bitsoang hDEC2 tse lumellang 'mele ea bona ho fumana phomolo eo e e hlokang ho tloha ho lihora tse 3 ho isa ho tse 4 tsa boroko.
16 | Lefa la Liphatsa tsa lefutso:
Phuputso ea 2003 e fumane bopaki ba hore DNA ea Genghis Khan e teng ho banna ba ka bang limilione tse 16 ba ntseng ba phela kajeno. Leha ho le joalo, sengoloa se tsoang ho 2015 se re banna ba bang ba leshome ba tlohetse liphatsa tsa lefutso haholo hoo ba qothisanang lehlokoa le Genghis Khan.
17 | Batho ba Blue ba Kentucky:
Lelapa la batho ba letlalo le leputsoa le ne le lula Kentucky meloko e mengata. Baphaphathehi ba Noka e Khathatso ho nahanoa hore li fumane letlalo la tsona le leputsoa ka ho kopanya li-inbreeding le boemo bo sa tloaelehang ba liphatsa tsa lefutso bo tsejoang e le methemoglobinemia.
18 | Batho ba nang le Moriri o Mosootho Live on Solomon Island:
Batho ba lihlekehlekeng tsa Solomon ba na le lefutso le bitsoang TYRP1 le bakang moriri o mosootho, leha ba na le letlalo le letšo. Lefu lena ha le amane le lona le bakang ho hlaka bathong ba Europe mme la iphetola ka bo lona.
19 | Gene e thusang ho jara oksijene e eketsehileng 'meleng oa rona:
Moatlelete ea tummeng le khau ea Liolimpiki ea makhetlo a 7 Eero Mäntyranta o bile le phetoho ea lefutso e mo lumellang ho jara oksijene e fetang 50% 'meleng oa hae ho feta motho ea tloaelehileng.
20 | Motse oa Batho ba sa Utloeng Litsebeng:
Ho na le motse o bitsoang Bengkala ka leboea ho Bali, Indonesia, moo ka lebaka la lefutso le fetelletseng le bitsoang DFNB3, batho ba bangata ba tsoaloang e le litholo hoo batho ba utloang ba sebelisang puo ea matsoho e bitsoang Kata Kolok, mme ba bua puo e lekanang.
21 | Gene e hanyetsanang le HIV:
Ho na le phetoho ea liphatsa tsa lefutso CCR5, e bitsoang Delta 32, e hlahisang codon ea ho emisa pele ho nako liphatseng tsa lefutso. Ho kh'outa pele ho nako ho bolela hore lisele tse nang le phetoho ena li ke ke tsa tšoaetsoa ke vaerase ea HIV. Batho ba nang le phetoho ea homozygous CCR5-Delta 32 ba hanela kokoana-hloko ea HIV ka botlalo
22 | Likhahla tse ntle tsa Elizabeth Taylor:
Elizabeth Taylor o bile le phetoho ea lefutso ea lefutso la FOXC2, le ileng la mo fa likhahla tse ling tsa eyelashes.
23 | Lisebelisoa tsa ho Fetola Genome:
Joalo ka ha re hlophisa linepe le livideo tsa rona, lefutso la motho le ka hlophisoa ho tlosa liphatsa tsa lefutso tse fosahetseng kapa liphatsa tsa lefutso tse sa sebetseng. Lisebelisoa tsa ho hlophisa li-genome tse kang CRISPR-Cas9, Sleeping beauty transposon system le likokoana-hloko tsa vaerase li sebelisetsoa ho kenya kapa ho tlosa tatellano ea DNA. Hajoale, bothata feela ke hore litlamorao tsa ho hlophisa genome li sa lebelloa.
Leha ho le joalo, ka 2015, mokhoa oa ho hlophisa liphatsa tsa lefutso o bitsoang TALEN o ile oa sebelisoa boitekong ba ho qetela ba ho phekola lesea le bitsoang Layla, ea ileng a fumanoa a na le mofuta o matla oa leukemia. Mokhoa ona o ile oa mo phekola hantle 'me oa fuputsoa ho phekola mafu a fapaneng. -
24 | Mofuta oa Supertaster Gene:
Hoo e ka bang kotara ea baahi ba latsoa lijo haholo ho feta rona ba bang. Li-supertasters tsena li ka beha lebese le tsoekere ka kofi e bohloko kapa ba qoba lijo tse mafura. Bo-rasaense ba nahana hore lebaka la karabelo ea bona le kentsoe liphatseng tsa bona tsa lefutso, haholo-holo e bitsoang TAS2R38, e leng lefutso le utloisang bohloko. Mofuta o ikarabellang bakeng sa ho latsoa haholo o tsejoa e le PAV, ha mofuta o ikarabellang bakeng sa bokhoni ba ho latsoa bo tlase o tsejoa e le AVI.
25 | Mofuta o sa Tšoaneng oa Gene o Sireletsang Malaria:
Batho ba jereng lefu la sekele-ho bolelang hore ba na le lefutso le le leng la sekele le mofuta o le mong o tloaelehileng oa hemoglobin - ba sirelelitsoe khahlanong le malaria ho feta ba seng joalo.
26 | Li-Octopus li ka Fetola Liphatsa tsa Tsona:
Li-cephalopods joalo ka li-squid, cuttlefish le li-octopus ke libopuoa tse bohlale le tse bohlale haholo - hoo li ka ngolang leseli la liphatsa tsa lefutso methapong ea tsona. Sebakeng sa kh'outu e le 'ngoe ea liphatsa tsa lefutso bakeng sa protheine e le' ngoe, eo hangata e leng joalo, ts'ebetso e bitsoang recoding e etsa hore mofuta o le mong oa octopus o hlahise liprotheine tse ngata. Bo-rasaense ba fumane hore ts'ebetso ena e thusa mefuta e meng ea Antarctic "ho boloka methapo ea bona e thunya metsing a batang."
