Mu ntchito yodabwitsa ya sayansi, ofufuza a ku Japan akwanitsa kutsitsimutsa pang'ono maselo a Yuka mammoth wazaka 28,000, chitsanzo chosungidwa bwino chomwe chinapezedwa ku Siberia permafrost mu 2010. Ngakhale izi kupambana chachititsa chidwi asayansi komanso anthu onse, chiyembekezo chopanga nsonga za ubweya wa nkhosa zomwe zasowekapo sichinachitikebe. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza zinthu zochititsa chidwi zimene Yuka anapeza, kafukufuku wochititsa chidwi kwambiri amene anachita, komanso zotsatira zake.
Kupezeka kwa Yuka mammoth
Kufukula chuma cha mbiri yakale
Mu August 2010, mabwinja a nyamakazi yaubweya yotchedwa Yuka anapezeka m’mphepete mwa nyanja ya Laptev pafupi ndi Yukagir, ku Russia. Yuka anapezeka ataundana m’chipale chofewa cha ku Siberia, ndipo anasungidwa kwa zaka 28,000. Mkhalidwe wodabwitsa wa mayiyo unalola asayansi kuti aphunzire mwatsatanetsatane mbali zake, kuphatikizapo ubongo wake wokhala ndi makwinya owoneka ndi mitsempha yamagazi.
Chitsanzo chamtengo wapatali
Yuka mammoth ndi chitsanzo chapadera chifukwa chakuti ndi yosungidwa bwino. Maonekedwe a ubongo wa Yuka amafanana kwambiri ndi njovu zamakono, zomwe zikupereka chidziŵitso chamtengo wapatali cha mbiri ya chisinthiko cha zolengedwa zazikuluzikuluzi. Kupezeka kwa Yuka kwatsegula njira ya kafukufuku wovuta kwambiri wokhudza mbiri yakale ya biology ndi majini.
Kutsitsimutsa maselo akale a Yuka
Gulu lofufuza
Gulu la asayansi a ku Japan ndi ku Russia, motsogoleredwa ndi katswiri wa sayansi ya zamoyo wazaka 90 Akira Iritani, anakonza zoti afufuze zimene zingatheke kutsitsimutsa maselo akale a Yuka. Iritani, katswiri wodziwa kubala nyama komanso mkulu wakale wa Institute of Advanced Technology pa yunivesite ya Kindai ku Wakayama, Japan, wakhala akufufuza maselo a mammoth ogona kwa zaka 20 izi zisanachitike. phunziro losweka mtima.
Kuyesera
Ofufuzawa adatulutsa ma 88 ngati ma nucleus kuchokera ku minofu ya Yuka ndikuyika ma oocyte a mbewa, omwe ndi maselo omwe amatha kugawikana kuti apange ovum, kapena cell yoberekera yachikazi, m'mimba mwake. Pogwiritsa ntchito njira yotchedwa nyukiliya, gululo linagwiritsa ntchito luso lojambula ma cell amoyo kuti liwone ngati maselo omwe adagona nthawi yayitali angachitepo kanthu.
Kukonzanso pang'ono kwa ma cell a Yuka mammoth
Ma cell amawonedwa
Gulu lofufuzalo linadabwa kwambiri kuona kuti maselo asanu mwa khumi ndi awiri a mazira a mbewa opangidwa ndi mbewa anasonyeza zimene zimachitika ma cell atangotsala pang’ono kugawikana. Zimene anapezazi zikutsimikizira kuti ngakhale patapita zaka 28,000, maselo amatha kukhalabe amoyo pang’ono ndipo amatha kukhalanso ndi moyo, mwina pamlingo wina wake.
Zochepa za kuyesa
Ngakhale kuti ma cell amawonedwa, palibe cell yomwe idamaliza bwino njira yogawa ma cell yofunikira kuti Yuka mammoth apangidwe kwathunthu. Kuwonongeka kwa maselo kwa zaka zikwizikwi kunali kwakukulu kwambiri, ndipo ofufuzawo adavomereza kuti akadali kutali ndi kukonzanso mammoth amoyo. Ukadaulo watsopano ndi njira ndizofunikira kuti tithane ndi zopinga izi.
Tsogolo la mammoth cloning
Kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo kumafunikira
Gulu lofufuza, kuphatikizapo Kei Miyamoto wochokera ku yunivesite ya Kindai, latsindika kufunika kopititsa patsogolo luso lamakono la cloning ndi zitsanzo zabwino kwambiri kuti athe kufanizira bwino Yuka mammoth. Kuchita zimenezi kungaphatikizepo kutenga DNA yaikulu kwambiri ndi kuiika m’mazira a njovu amene DNA yawo inachotsedwa.
Mfundo za makhalidwe
Chiyembekezo chopanga mitundu ina ya zamoyo zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha chimadzutsa mafunso angapo okhudza makhalidwe abwino. Komabe, Iritani ndi gulu lake amatsutsa kuti kuphunzira za kutha kwa m'mbuyomu kungathandize asayansi kuteteza bwino zamoyo zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha. Iritani amakhulupirira kuti ndi udindo wake kusunga zamoyo zamoyo chifukwa zochita za anthu zathandizira kuti nyama zambiri ziwonongeke.
Woolly mammoth: zodabwitsa zakale
Mwachidule
Mammoth aubweya, ofanana kukula kwake ndi njovu zamakono za ku Africa, ankayendayenda Padziko Lapansi m’zaka zomalizira za Ice Age, zaka zoposa 4,000 zapitazo. Tizilombo tochititsa chidwi timeneti tinazolowerana bwino ndi kuzizira kwawo, ndipo tili ndi tsitsi lalitali, lopindika, minyanga yopindika, ndi nunda lamafuta osunga mphamvu.
Kutha kwa woya mammoth
Asayansi amatsutsanabe chifukwa chenicheni chimene chinachititsa kuti mbalamezi zitheretu. Zinthu zomwe zingatheke ndi monga kusintha kwa nyengo, kusaka mopambanitsa ndi anthu, komanso kuphatikiza zonse ziwiri. Kuphunzira kwa Yuka ndi zinyama zina zazikuluzikulu kungathandize ochita kafukufuku kumvetsa bwino zinthu zomwe zinachititsa kuti ziwonongeke komanso kugwiritsa ntchito chidziwitsochi poteteza zamoyo zamakono.
Kufunika kwa kafukufuku wa Yuka mammoth
Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri mu biology isanayambe
Kukonzanso pang'ono kwa ma cell a Yuka mammoth ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pazambiri zakale za biology. Imawonetsa kuthekera kodabwitsa kwa kafukufuku wakale wa DNA ndipo imapereka chidziwitso chofunikira pama cell ndi ma genetic a mitundu yomwe yatha.
Zotsatira za kafukufuku wa zamoyo zomwe zatha
Kufufuza kwa nyamakazi za mtundu wa Yuka kumangounikira zamoyo wa mbalame zotchedwa mammoth zaubweya komanso zimatsegula njira zatsopano zofufuzira zamoyo zina zomwe zatha. Popenda DNA ya nyama zomwe zakhalapo kalekale, asayansi amatha kumvetsa bwino za chisinthiko cha zamoyo Padziko Lapansi ndi zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zamoyo ziwonongeke.
Zovuta ndi zopinga mu mammoth cloning
Kupeza zitsanzo zapamwamba
Chimodzi mwazovuta kwambiri popanga mammoth a Yuka ndikupeza zitsanzo zapamwamba kwambiri zomwe zimawonongeka pang'ono. Maselo azaka 28,000 omwe adachotsedwa mu minofu ya Yuka adawonongeka kwambiri, ndikulepheretsa kugawanika kwa maselo.
Zolepheretsa zaukadaulo
Ukadaulo wamakono wa cloning sunatsogolere mokwanira kuthana ndi zopinga zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi ma cell owonongeka. Ochita kafukufuku adzafunika kupanga njira zatsopano zokonzera ndi kutsitsimutsa DNA yakale bwino.
Ubwino wa mammoth cloning
Kuzindikira mbiri yachisinthiko
Kupanga nyama zazikuluzikulu zotchedwa Yuka mammoth kungatithandize kudziwa zambiri zokhudza mmene njovu zinasinthira ku zinthu zina ndi zina. Poyerekezera chibadwa cha nyama zomwe zatha ndi zamoyo, asayansi angajambule molondola kwambiri mmene zinthu zilili pa Dziko Lapansi.
Ntchito zoteteza
Kumvetsa zimene zinachititsa kuti mbalame zotchedwa woolly mammoth zithe kungathandize kuti nyama za m’malerezi zisamawonongeke. Mwa kugwiritsira ntchito zimene aphunzira m’mbuyomo, asayansi angayesetse kuletsa kutha kwa mtsogolo ndi kusunga zamoyo zosiyanasiyana za Dziko Lapansi.
Chidwi chapadziko lonse pa kafukufuku wa Yuka mammoth
Kugwirizana pakati pa asayansi aku Japan ndi aku Russia
Kafukufuku wokhudza ma cell a Yuka mammoth wakhala ntchito yothandizana pakati pa asayansi aku Japan ndi Russia, kuwonetsa kufunikira kwa mgwirizano wapadziko lonse pankhani ya kafukufuku wa sayansi.
Chidwi chofala cha anthu
Kafukufuku wa Yuka mammoth akopa chidwi cha anthu padziko lonse lapansi, ndikupangitsa chidwi chofuna kudziwa zomwe zingatheke kupanga mitundu yomwe yatha komanso zomwe zingakhudze tsogolo la moyo padziko lapansi.
Mawu omaliza
Kukonzanso pang'ono kwa ma cell a Yuka mammoth cell ndi ntchito yodabwitsa kwambiri yasayansi yomwe yadzetsa chisangalalo ndi kufunsa mafunso ofunikira ponena za tsogolo la kupanga mitundu ya zamoyo zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha. Ngakhale kuti chiyembekezo chopanga mammoth a Yuka chidakali kutali, kafukufuku yemwe wachitika mpaka pano wapereka chidziwitso chofunikira pa zamoyo za zolengedwa zakale zomwe zidachitika kale komanso momwe angagwiritsire ntchito kafukufuku wakale wa DNA. Pamene luso laukadaulo ndi kumvetsetsa kwa sayansi kukupitilira patsogolo, kuphunzira za Yuka ndi zamoyo zina zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha mosakayika zitenga gawo lalikulu pakuvumbula zinsinsi za moyo Padziko Lapansi.
