Pankhani yanyumba zokhala ndi megalithic, mayanjano omwe ndimadziwika nawo nthawi yomweyo amatuluka m'mutu mwanga - Stonehenge. Koma ndi ochepa omwe amadziwa kuti omanga akale adapanga mapulani ofanana padziko lonse lapansi. Nanga ma dolmens ndi chiyani ndipo amafunikira chiyani?
A dolmen ndi mtundu wamanda amodzi amchipinda chimodzi, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi megaliths awiri kapena kupitilira apo omwe amathandizira mwala waukulu wopingasa kapena "tebulo". Denga lotere limatha kutalika kwa 10 mita ndikulemera matani angapo. Chodziwikiratu cha ma dolmens ndi dzenje lachilendo lopangidwa ndi oval kutsogolo kwa slab yakutsogolo. Omanga akalewo sanakonze zotchinga kuchokera panja, pomwe amapangira nyumba zawo zapadera, komabe, makoma amiyala ndi denga zidafanana ndendende kotero kuti ngakhale mpeni wa mpeni sungadutse pampata pakati pawo. Ma dolmens amamangidwa ngati trapezoid, rectangle, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale nyumba zozungulira zimapezeka. Monga zomangira, miyala yamiyala imagwiritsidwa ntchito, kapena nyumba idasemedwa pamwala waukulu.
Cholinga cha nyumbazi chimanenedwa chimodzimodzi ndi tanthauzo la zomangamanga za Stonehenge. Sizikudziwika bwinobwino kuti anzawo achikhalidwe chakale cha Aigupto adakwanitsa bwanji kugwira ntchito ndi miyala yotereyi (ngakhale ali ndi ukadaulo wamakono, tsopano ndizovuta kwambiri kumanga nyumba zazikulu chotere). Komabe, mayankho a funso "Chifukwa chiyani ma dolmens amafunikira?" asayansi ali nawo.
Ena amakonda kukhulupirira kuti ma dolmens, monga mapiramidi aku Egypt, ndi gawo la gululi lazidziwitso lakale. Ena amakhulupirira kuti nyumbazi ankagwiritsa ntchito ngati malo opumirako anthu akufa. Malinga ndi mtundu uwu, ma dolmens ali amsinkhu wofanana ndi Sphinx: ali ndi zaka zoposa 10,000. Popeza manda akale amapezeka pafupifupi nthawi zonse pafupi ndi nyumba zazing'ono zoterezi, asayansi ena amakhulupirira kuti ma dolmens amathandiziranso anthu olemekezeka, monga mapiramidi a ku Aigupto.
Mndandanda wamaganizidwewo umaphatikizaponso lingaliro loti ma dolmens anali magulu azipembedzo, omwe mawonekedwe awo adakopa munthu kuti athe kulowa mchimake ndikulosera zamtsogolo (ndiye kuti, ma dolmens atha kukhala malo amisonkhano ya ashamani). Palinso mtundu malinga ndi omwe ma dolmens ndi chida chosakanikirana ndi akupanga. Asayansi adabwera pamalingaliro awa ataphunzira zodzikongoletsera zingapo zachi Celtic: ziwalo zawo zazing'ono zidalumikizidwa kumunsi pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo womwe umafanana ndi omwe akupanga omwe akupanga kapena kuwotcherera kwapamwamba kwambiri.
Chidwi makamaka mwa ma dolmens chidayambikanso chifukwa, pakupanga mamangidwe ngati amenewa, bushings adagwiritsidwa ntchito kutseka dzenje loboola kutsogolo. Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani m'nyumba ina muli, momwe, malinga ndi akatswiri ambiri, imagwirira ntchito ngati manda? Asayansi alibe yankho lomveka bwino la funsoli, koma sataya zomwe amaganiza.
Amakhulupirira kuti nyama zotchedwa dolmens zimatha kuyambitsa kugwedezeka kochepa komwe kumakhudza anthu. Ochita kafukufuku akuti gawo la emitter akupanga ndi pulagi yachilendo (lero imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zoyang'ana kutulutsa kwa akupanga, ndi mbale za ceramic). Katundu wa bushing mu dolmens amatha kudziwika ndi kapangidwe ka thanthwe ndi geometry lapamwamba pake.
Padziko lonse lapansi, ma Dolmens amapezeka m'zigwa ndi pamwamba pa mapiri. Zinamangidwa limodzi komanso m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Pali ngakhale matauni ang'onoang'ono a dolmens. Mitengo yotereyi inamangidwa m'mbali mwa nyanja ku Europe, Asia, North Africa, ndi zilumba za Polynesia. Palinso dolmens ku Crimea ndi Caucasus. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti pamene nyumbayi ikupita patsogolo kuchokera kugombe la nyanja, ndi yaying'ono kukula kwake. Chifukwa chake izi zili chonchi mpaka pano.
Chinsinsi chazinthu zazitali zakhala zikusautsa malingaliro a anthu kwazaka zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, kuphunzira za dolmens ku Caucasus kukupitirirabe mpaka pano. Pamalo otsetsereka akumwera kwa mapiri a Main Caucasus, ofufuza amakono akupezabe malo ambiri osafufuzidwabe amtunduwu.
