'Stonehenge' wazaka 9,350 wa Underwater Opezeka mu Nyanja ya Mediterranean Atha Kulembanso Mbiri

Mu 2015, monolith yotalika mamita 39 inapezeka m'madzi a m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Sicily pamtunda wa pafupifupi 130. Zofukulidwa m'mabwinja izi zomwe zikufanana ndi mawonekedwe a Stonehenge zitha kulembanso mbiri yomwe tikudziwa.

'Stonehenge' wamadzi wazaka 9,350 wazaka zam'madzi wopezeka ku Nyanja ya Mediterranean amatha kulembanso mbiri 1 — Monolith wamadzi otalika 39 otalika ngati Stonehenge adapezeka pagombe la Sicily mu 2015 pagombe lakuya la kanjirako, ndipo kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti adapangidwa ndi anthu.

Zamkatimu -

I. Kufotokozera kwa Stonehenge wapansi pamadzi wa Sicily (Pantelleria Vecchia Bank Megalith)

II Mwala wa Stonehenge

II. Kodi akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale omwe adapeza monolith ya Sicily-henge adanena chiyani za izi?

III. Ndi ndani okhala pachilumbachi omwe adamanga monolith?

IV. Kutsiliza

Kufotokozera kwa Stonehenge wapansi pamadzi wa Sicily (Pantelleria Vecchia Bank Megalith)

'Stonehenge' wamadzi wazaka 9,350 wazaka zam'madzi wopezeka ku Nyanja ya Mediterranean amatha kulembanso mbiri 2 — Chithunzichi chikuwonetsa malingaliro atatu a monolith mu Sicilian Channel, pakati pa Nyanja ya Mediterranean.

Monolith wopangidwa ndi anthu wopezeka munyanja ya Mediterranean ali ndi zaka zosachepera 9,350. Imalemera pafupifupi matani 15 ndikuphwanyika magawo awiri. Ili ndi mabowo atatu okhazikika ofanana: m'modzi amene amaudutsa pamwamba pake, ndi ena awiri mbali ziwiri za monolith.

'Stonehenge' wamadzi wazaka 9,350 wazaka zam'madzi wopezeka ku Nyanja ya Mediterranean amatha kulembanso mbiri 3 — Chithunzichi chikuwonetsa malingaliro angapo pamapangidwe, omwe amakhulupirira kuti adapangidwa kuchokera pathanthwe zaka 10,000 zapitazo.

Mwala wa Stonehenge

Chipilala choyambirira cha Stonehenge ku Wiltshire, England, chimakhala ndi mphete yamiyala yoyimira, iliyonse kutalika kwake mamita 13, mainchesi 25 m'lifupi, ndikulemera pafupifupi matani XNUMX. Chipilala chotchuka cha Neolithic chimayenderana ndi kulowa kwa dzuwa m'nyengo yozizira komanso kutuluka kwa dzuwa m'nyengo yotentha ndipo akuganiza kuti adagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu akale kuti afufuze zakumwamba.

'Stonehenge' wamadzi wazaka 9,350 wazaka zam'madzi wopezeka ku Nyanja ya Mediterranean amatha kulembanso mbiri 4 — Stonehenge mwina ndiye chipilala chotchuka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Inamangidwa magawo angapo: chipilala choyamba chinali chipilala choyambirira cha henge, chomangidwa zaka 5,000 zapitazo, ndipo bwalo lapadera lamwala lidamangidwa kumapeto kwa nyengo ya Neolithic pafupifupi 2500 BC.

Amaganiziridwa kuti chipilalachi chimalinso malo amisonkhano kwa anthu akale ndipo mwina anali malo achipembedzo pomwe anthu amapembedzera makolo awo. Ena anena kuti anali malo a akufa, pomwe ena amati anali malo ochiritsira, chifukwa miyala yamiyala yamphamvu imatha kumenyedwa kuti ipangitse phokoso kukhala ndi mphamvu zamatsenga kapena zochiritsa.

Kodi akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale omwe adapeza monolith ya Sicily-henge adanena chiyani za izi?

Palibe njira zachilengedwe zodziwika zomwe zingapangitse izi, malinga ndi Dr. Emanuele Lodolo kuchokera ku National Institute of Oceanography and Experimental Geophysics ku Italy ndi Dr. Zvi Ben-Avraham aku University of Haifa ndi University of Tel Aviv ku Israel, omwe adapeza monolith.

"Monolith amapangidwa ndi miyala ina kupatula yomwe imapanga ziphuphu zonse zoyandikana nazo, ndipo imakhala yotalikilana ndi iwo," asayansi anatero.

"Amapangidwa ndi ma calcirudites a Late Pleistocene age, malinga ndi kuyeza kwa radiocarbon komwe kumapangidwa pazidutswa zingapo za zipolopolo zomwe zidatengedwa pamiyala."

Monolith idapezeka ku Pantelleria Vecchia Bank, chilumba chakale cha Sicilian Channel. Pachilumbachi, malinga ndi akatswiri ofukula za m'mabwinja, adamira m'madzi modabwitsa pamadzi osefukira zaka 9,300 zapitazo.

"M'badwo womwe udalipo umadutsa motsatira nthawi yoyambira nthawi ya Mesolithic ya SE Europe ndi Middle East," Dr. Lodolo ndi Dr. Ben-Avraham adati.

"Kupezeka kwa malo omwe adasefukira mumtsinje wa Sicilian kungakulitse chidziwitso chathu chazikhalidwe zoyambirira kwambiri m'mbali mwa Mediterranean komanso malingaliro athu pazopangika ndi chitukuko chomwe anthu a Mesolithic adachita."

Monolith imafuna kudula, kuchotsa, kuyendetsa komanso kuyika makina omwe mosakayikira akuwulula maluso ofunikira komanso ukadaulo waukulu.

"Chikhulupiriro choti makolo athu analibe chidziwitso, luso komanso ukadaulo wogwiritsa ntchito zombo zam'madzi kapena kuwoloka nyanja, chikuyenera kusiya pang'onopang'ono," ofukula mabwinja anati.

"Zomwe zapezedwa posachedwapa m'mabwinja ofikirapo achotseratu lingaliro laukadaulo womwe nthawi zambiri umanenedwa ndi omwe amasaka nyama m'mphepete mwa nyanja," akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale anamaliza.

Ndi ndani okhala pachilumbachi omwe adamanga monolith?

Izi ndizowona kuti monolith wamtundu wa Stonehenge waku Sicily amatha kuwunikira anthu akale omwe amatcha nyanja ya Mediterranean. Sizikudziwika ngati monolith wa ku Mediterranean adayimirira yekha kapena ngati gulu, monga tawonera ku Stonehenge, komwe ndi kocheperako, komwe kumangidwa pafupifupi 2,600 BC.

Masiku ano, sizidziwika kwenikweni za anthu omwe amakhala ku Pantelleria Vecchia Bank mu Sicilian Channel zaka 10,000 zapitazo. Komabe, mamangidwe amwalawo akuwonetsa kuti anali akatswiri aluso, okhoza kutulutsa, kudula ndi kunyamula mwala waukulu.

Akatswiri amakhulupirira kuti anthuwa ankagulitsa nsomba zomwe anagwira ndi zilumba zina. Mwalawo ukhoza kuti unkagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati 'nyumba yowunikira' yoyambirira kapena bwalo lowala, kapenanso ngati malo omangirira ndikumangirira mabwato ophera nsomba. Ngakhale kutengeka kwake sikukutitsimikizira kuti anali malo oti timangirirapo mabwato ophera nsomba panthawiyo. Ngati ndi choncho, kukula kwa mabwato awo ndikofunikira.

Chilumbacho chidamizidwa ndi madzi osefukira zaka 9,500 zapitazo, pambuyo pa Last Glacial Maximum. Iyi inali nthawi yomaliza m'mbiri yanyengo ya Dziko Lapansi nthawi yomaliza ya madzi oundana pomwe ma ice aye anali odziwika kwambiri.

M'madzi Stonehenge Sicily — Mapu apamwamba owonetsa monolith wautali wa 39 pansi pa Mediterranean. © Chithunzi: E. Lodolo

Sicilian Channel ndi amodzi mwamalovu osaya a m'chigawo chapakati cha Mediterranean pomwe zotsatira zakusintha kwamadzi zidali zazikulu komanso zazikulu. Zakale zam'mbali mwa Mediterranean Basin zidasinthidwa kwambiri ndikuwonjezeka kwamadzi kutsatira Nyanja Yotsiriza Yotsiriza.

Kupezeka kwa monolith kukuwonetsa kutukuka koyambirira komwe kudalipo pachilumbachi ndipo anthu akale atha kukhala kuti achititsa ena pafupi. Chifukwa kupezeka uku kumapereka umboni wazinthu zofunikira kwambiri za Mesolithic m'dera la Sicilian Channel.

Zolemba za radiocarbon zidutswa za chipolopolo zomwe zidatengedwa pamwala wa monolithic zikuwonetsa mwalawo kukhala wazaka 40,000 pomwe pansi pa nyanja mozungulira monolith ndi zaka 10 miliyoni. Izi zikusonyeza kuti megalith iyenera kuti inali yosemedwa kuchokera ku miyala yolowetsedwa.

Kutsiliza

Mpaka pano, sizambiri zomwe zafufuzidwa za mbiri yakale ya anthu. Koma pakadali pano, asayansi ayamba kuvomereza kuti ali ndi zolakwika zina pakalembedwe ka mbiri, ndikuti pali chosowa pamenepo.

Ngati tilingalira m'mbiri ya Dziko Lapansi, tipeze kuti 'zaka 9,350 zapitazo' zidadutsa "nthawi yachisanu" yomaliza, makamaka kumwera kwa Europe. Chifukwa chake monolith adapeza pagombe la Sicily sanaponyedwe pamenepo (m'nyanja) potumiza ayezi kapena kusefukira kwamadzi. Maonekedwe ndi mabowo mwina akuwonetsa kuti zidakumbidwa ndikukonzekera mayendedwe.

Tilibe zinthu zambiri zotere chifukwa ndizakale kwambiri, mwina sizikhala bwino, kapena zili pansi pa nyanja kapena zowonekera. Palibe akatswiri ofukula zakale (makamaka akatswiri ofukula zakale zam'madzi) ndipo akadali gawo latsopano, ngati si sayansi. Masamba, midzi, matauni ngakhalenso mizinda yonse imatha kukwera kunyanja, chifukwa chake zomwe zidachitika m'mbuyomu ziyenera kubisika pansi pa buluu wosadziwika.