Mu 1908, chodabwitsa chodziwika bwino chotchedwa Tunguska Event chinapangitsa thambo kuyaka komanso mitengo yopitilira 80 miliyoni kugwa. Kufotokozera kosasinthasintha kumatsimikizira kuti inali meteorite; komabe, kusakhalapo kwa crater m'dera lomwe likukhudzidwa kwayambitsa malingaliro osiyanasiyana.
Chinsinsi cha Chochitika cha Tunguska
Chaka chilichonse, Dziko lapansi limaphulitsidwa ndi matani 16 a meteorite omwe amagwera mumlengalenga. Ambiri amafika pafupifupi magalamu khumi ndi awiri ndipo ndi ochepa kwambiri mwakuti samadziwika. Zina zambiri zitha kupangitsa kuwala kumwamba kutha posachedwa, koma… nanga bwanji ma meteorite omwe angathe kufafaniza dera lonse lapansi?
Ngakhale kuti asteroid yaposachedwa kwambiri yomwe imatha kuyambitsa chiwonongeko padziko lonse lapansi idayamba zaka 65 miliyoni, m'mawa wa Juni 30, 1908, kuphulika kowopsa kotchedwa Tunguska kunagwedeza Siberia ndi mphamvu ya bomba la 300.
Pafupifupi XNUMX koloko m'mawa, chowombera moto chachikulu chadutsa mchigawo chapakati cha Siberia, malo osasangalatsa pomwe nkhalango zowoneka bwino zimalowa m'malo am'madzi komanso malo okhala anthu ndi ochepa.
M'masekondi ochepa, kutentha kotentha kunayatsa thambo ndipo kuphulika kodabwitsa kunayatsa mitengo yoposa 80 miliyoni mdera lamakilomita 2,100 a nkhalango.
Chochitikacho chidadzetsa mafunde omwe, malinga ndi NASA, adalembedwa ndi barometers ku Europe konse ndikukantha anthu mtunda wopitilira 40 mamailosi. Kwa mausiku awiri otsatira, thambo lausiku lidawunikirabe ku Asia ndi madera ena aku Europe. Komabe, chifukwa chovuta kupeza malowa komanso kupezeka kwa matauni oyandikana nawo, palibe maulendo omwe adayandikira malowa mzaka khumi ndi zitatu zotsatira.
Sipanafike mu 1921 pomwe a Leonid Kulik, wasayansi ku St. komabe, kusakhala bwino kwa derali kudadzetsa ulendowu.
Mu 1927, Kulik adatsogolera ulendo wina womwe pamapeto pake udafika pamtunda wamakilomita masauzande ambiri ndipo adadabwitsidwa kuti mwambowu sunasiyiretu malo owonekera, malo okhawo amakilomita 4 m'mimba mwake pomwe mitengoyo idali itaimabe, koma yopanda nthambi, palibe khungwa. Kuzungulira mzindawu, mitengo yodzazidwa masauzande ambiri idayika pachilumbacho mtunda wamakilomita ambiri, koma modabwitsa, kunalibe umboni wa crater kapena zinyalala za meteorite m'derali.
"Thambo linagawika pakati ndi moto unawonekera kumwamba"
Ngakhale kuti panali chisokonezo, khama la Kulik linatha kusokoneza anthu othawa kwawo, omwe anapereka umboni woyamba wa Tunguska Event.
Nkhani ya S. Semenov, mboni yowona ndi maso yomwe inali pamtunda wa makilomita 60 kuchokera pomwe zidafunsidwa ndi Kulik, mwina ndiwodziwika kwambiri komanso mwatsatanetsatane wa kuphulika:
"Nthawi ya kadzutsa ndinali nditakhala pafupi ndi positi nyumba ku Vanavara (…) mwadzidzidzi, ndinawona kuti molunjika kumpoto, mumsewu wa Tunguska kuchokera ku Onkoul, thambo linagawika pakati ndipo moto unawonekera pamwamba ndi nkhalango kugawanika kumwamba kunakula ndipo mbali yonse ya kumpoto inakutidwa ndi moto.
Nthawi imeneyo ndidatentha kwambiri sindimatha kupilira, ngati malaya anga ayaka; kuchokera mbali ya kumpoto, komwe kunali moto, kunabwera kutentha kwakukulu. Ndinkafuna kung'amba malaya anga ndikuponya pansi, koma kenako thambo linatsekedwa ndipo phokoso lalikulu linamveka ndipo ndinaponyedwa patali pang'ono.
Ndinakomoka kwakamphindi, koma kenako mkazi wanga anathamangira kunja nanditengera kunyumba (…) Pamene thambo lidatseguka, mphepo yamkuntho idayenda pakati pa nyumba, monga kuchokera kumitsinje, yomwe idasiya zotsalira pansi ngati misewu, ndipo mbewu zina zinali kuonongeka. Pambuyo pake tinawona kuti mawindo ambiri anali osweka ndipo m'khola, gawo lina lachitsulo linasweka. ”
M'zaka khumi zotsatira, panali maulendo ena atatu kuderali. Kulik anapeza timatumba tating'onoting'ono tambirimbiri, tomwe timakhala tokwana mita 10 mpaka 50 m'mimba mwake, omwe amaganiza kuti mwina ndi mapangidwe amiyala.
Atatha kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi movutikira kukhetsa imodzi mwamabombawa - chotchedwa "chigwa cha Suslov", chomwe chili mamita 32 m'mimba mwake - adapeza chitsa chakale chamtengo pansi, ndikutsutsa kuti chinali chigwa cha meteoric. Kulik sakanatha kudziwa chomwe chimayambitsa Tunguska Chochitika.
Kufotokozera kwa Chochitika cha Tunguska
NASA imawona Chochitika cha Tunguska kukhala cholembera chokha cha meteoroid yayikulu yomwe idalowa padziko lapansi masiku ano. Komabe, kwa zaka zopitirira zana, kufotokozera za kusakhalapo kwa crater kapena meteorite pa malo omwe akuganiziridwa kuti kukhudzidwa kwalimbikitsa mazana a mapepala a sayansi ndi malingaliro a zomwe zinachitika ku Tunguska.
Mtundu womwe wavomerezedwa lero ukutitsimikizira kuti m'mawa wa pa 30 June, 1908, thanthwe lamlengalenga pafupifupi mamitala 37 lidalowa mumlengalenga pa liwiro la makilomita 53 pa ola, lokwanira kufikira madigiri 24 celsius.
Kufotokozera uku kumatsimikizira kuti fireball yomwe idawunikira mlengalenga sinayanjane ndi dziko lapansi, koma idaphulika kutalika kwamakilomita asanu ndi atatu, ndikupangitsa mantha omwe amafotokoza za tsoka komanso mamiliyoni amitengo yakugwa mdera la Tunguska.
Ndipo ngakhale malingaliro ena ochititsa chidwi opanda chithandizo champhamvu cha sayansi akuganiza kuti chochitika cha Tunguska chikadakhala chifukwa cha kuphulika kwa antimatter kapena kupangidwa kwa dzenje lakuda laling'ono, lingaliro latsopano lomwe lidapangidwa mu 2020 limawunikira pazomveka:
Malingana ndi kafukufuku wofalitsidwa mu Bungwe la Royal Astronomical Society, chochitika cha Tunguska chidachitikadi ndi meteorite; komabe, linali thanthwe lopangidwa ndi chitsulo lomwe limafikira mita 200 m'lifupi ndikuphwanya Dziko lapansi pamtunda wa makilomita 10 musanapitilize njira yake, ndikusiya kugwedezeka kwamphamvu kwambiri kwakomwe kudapangitsa kuti thambo liwotche ndipo mamiliyoni mitengo ikadulidwa.
Kuphulika kwa Tunguska komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi alendo?
Mu 2009, wasayansi waku Russia akuti alendo adatsitsa meteorite a Tunguska zaka 101 zapitazo kuti ateteze dziko lathu kuti lisawonongedwe. Yuri Lavbin adati adapeza miyala yamtengo wapatali ya quartz pamalo omwe amaphulika kwambiri ku Siberia. Makristali khumi anali ndi mabowo mkati mwake, adayikidwa kuti miyalayo igwirizane ndi unyolo, ndipo ina imakhala ndi zojambula pa iwo.
"Tilibe ukadaulo uliwonse womwe ungasindikize zojambula zotere pamakristali," Anatero Lavbin. "Tinapezanso ferrum silicate yomwe singapangidwe kulikonse, kupatula mlengalenga. ”
Aka sikanali koyamba kuti UFO idanenedwe kuti imalumikizidwa ndi chochitika cha Tunguska ndi asayansi. Mu 2004, mamembala omwe adafufuza asayansi ku Siberia state maziko a "Tunguska Space Phenomenon" adati adakwanitsa kuvumbula zida zakuthambo, zomwe zidagwa pa Earth pa June 30, 1908.
Ulendowu, womwe udakonzedwa ndi Siberian Public State Foundation "Tunguska Space Phenomenon" adamaliza ntchito yake pamalo a mvula ya Tunguska kugwa pa Ogasiti 9, 2004. Kupita kuderali motsogozedwa ndi zithunzi zamlengalenga, ofufuzawo adasanthula gawo lalikulu m'deralo Pafupi ndi mudzi wa Poligusa wazinthu zina zakuthambo zomwe zidagwera pa Earth mu 1908.
Kuphatikiza apo, mamembala aulendowu adapeza chotchedwa "nswala" ― mwalawo, womwe Tunguska mboni zowona adatchulapo mobwerezabwereza m'nkhani zawo. Ofufuzawo adapereka mwala wamakilogalamu 50 kumzinda wa Krasnoyarsk kuti akaufufuze ndikuwunika. Palibe malipoti kapena kuwunika komwe kumachitika pambuyo pofufuza pa intaneti.
Kutsiliza
Ngakhale panali kufufuzidwa kosaneneka, chochitika chotchedwa Tunguska Event chikadali chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu kwambiri m'zaka za zana la 20 zomwe zidagwidwa ndi zodabwitsika, okonda UFO ndi asayansi monga umboni wa milungu yamkwiyo, moyo wakuthambo kapena chiwopsezo chomwe chikubwera cha kugundana kwachilengedwe.
