Mu 1903, mwambo waukulu wotchedwa Durbar unachitikira ku Delhi, India, kukumbukira Mfumu. Edward VII's (kenako adadziwika kuti Duke wa Windsor) kukwera kumpando wachifumu. Mfumu imeneyi inapatsidwanso dzina laulemu lakuti 'Emperor of India' ndipo inali agogo a agogo a Mfumukazi Elizabeth II ya ku Britain yomwe yangomwalira kumene.
Ambuye Curson, yemwe panthawiyo anali Viceroy wa ku India, ndi amene anayambitsa ndi kupha Delhi Durbar. Dongosolo loyambirira linali loti Mfumuyo ibwere ku India kudzachita miyambo yovekedwa ufumu; komabe Mfumuyo inakana ndipo sanasonyeze chidwi chopita kumeneko. Chifukwa chake, Lord Curzon adayenera kubwera ndi china choti awonetsere anthu aku Delhi. Apa m'pamene zonse zinayamba!
The Delhi Durbar ya 1903
Mwambo wovekedwa ufumu unatenga pafupifupi zaka ziŵiri kukonzekera ndipo unayamba pa December 29, 1902. Unayamba ndi gulu lalikulu la njovu m’makwalala a Delhi. Pamwambowu panafika mafumu ndi akalonga olemekezeka a ku India. Mtsogoleri wa Connaught adasankhidwa kuti aziyimira banja lachifumu la Britain pamwambo wofunikirawu.
Delhi Durbar, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa pachigwa chachikulu kunja kwa mzindawu, idayamba pa Januware 1, 1903 pomwe mwambo wotsegulira udatha. Msonkhano umenewu unapangidwa pofuna kugogomezera ukulu wa Ufumu wa Britain ndi ukulu wa Ufumu wa Britain. Komanso, inasonyezanso miyala yamtengo wapatali imene inali yosaoneka bwino pamalo amodzi.
Akalonga ndi mafumu a ku India anachita chidwi ndi maonekedwe a miyala yamtengo wapatali imeneyi. Curzon analowa nawo pamwambowo limodzi ndi gulu la mafumu a ku India atakwera njovu. Komabe, chinthu chochititsa chidwi kwambiri chinali kuonekabe! Ngakhale kuti njovuzo zinali zovekedwa ndi zingwe zagolide paminyanga yawo kuti zisangalatse alendo ndi oonerera, alonda aŵiri amphamvu ndi amene anabera chisamaliro chonse.
Ku Durbar, amuna awiri aatali kwambiri adatsagana ndi Mfumu ya Jammu ndi Kashmir. Zinali zoonekeratu kuti anali anthu aatali kwambiri pa nthawiyo.
Zimphona ziwiri za Kashmir
Zimphona za Kashmir zidakopa chidwi cha anthu onse popeza anali owoneka bwino. Chimodzi mwa zimphona za Kashmir chinaima pamtunda wochititsa chidwi wa 7 mapazi 9 mainchesi (2.36 mamita), pamene chiphona chinacho chinali ndi 7 mapazi 4 mainchesi (2.23 mamita) mu msinkhu. Malinga n’kunena kwa mabuku odalirika, anthu odabwitsawa anali mapasa.
Ziwerengero zazikulu za anthu awiri odabwitsawa aku Kashmir zidakhudza kwambiri Durbar. Amuna odabwitsa ameneŵa sanali chabe onyamula mfuti komanso anadzipereka kwambiri kutumikira Mfumu yawo. Poyambirira akuchokera kudera lotchedwa Balmokand, komwe adabadwira sikunalembedwe chifukwa chotheka kuti dzinali lisinthidwe pakadutsa zaka zana kapena kupitilira apo.
Abale anabweretsa zida zosiyanasiyana, monga mikondo, zibonga, machesi ngakhalenso mabomba ophulitsa pamanja, ku Durbar; zinali zoonekeratu kuti anali okonzeka kuchita chilichonse chimene akanatha kuti ateteze mfumu yawo zivute zitani. Gulu lililonse la anthu opezeka pamwambowo linatsogozedwa ndi njovu, ndipo mfumuyo inali ndi alonda ake akuyenda mbali zonse.
Kutchuka kwawo kofala
Gulu la atolankhani ndi ojambula ochokera kumayiko osiyanasiyana omwe adasonkhana ku Durbar adachita chidwi ndi zimphona za Kashmir izi. Munthu atha kuzindikira mphamvu zazikulu zomwe ayenera kuti anali nazo mu 1903. Kukhalapo kwawo kunathandiza kwambiri kukhazikitsa kutchuka kwa Mfumu ya Kashmir padziko lonse lapansi.
Mu February 1903, The Brisbane Courier, buku la ku Australia, linasindikiza nkhani yakuti "Kubwera kwa Wolamulira wa Kashmir kunaphatikizapo gulu labwino la Cuirassiers ndi Giant yaikulu." Nkhaniyi idawunikira makamaka anthu awiri akulu omwe amadziwika kuti "zimphona za Kashmir" omwe adakhala alonda ndi oyang'anira olamulira a Jammu ndi Kashmir.
Woyenda ku America komanso wojambula zithunzi wotchedwa James Ricalton anachita chidwi kwambiri ndi zimphona za Kashmir izi, akujambula zithunzi zawo ndi chidwi chachikulu. Pazithunzizi, Ricalton akuwoneka wamfupi kwambiri poyerekeza ndi zimphona ziwirizi, popeza mutu wake sufika pachifuwa chawo.
Ojambula James Ricalton ndi George Rose adanyamuka ulendo wopita ku Kashmir ndi cholinga chojambula zithunzi zambiri za zimphona zodabwitsa za Kashmir. Zina mwa zosonkhanitsira zawo panali chithunzi chochititsa chidwi chosonyeza kuyerekezera kwa chimphona chachitali kwambiri ndi chachifupi kwambiri, chosonyeza kusiyana kwakukulu kwa kutalika kwake. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, Ricalton analiponso pachithunzichi kuti awonetse malingaliro autsogoleri.
Kusiyana kwautali kosazolowereka
Kukumana ndi anthu otalika kuposa mapazi 7 (2.1m) ndikosowa kwambiri. Kunena zowona, pali anthu 2,800 padziko lonse lapansi omwe amaposa kutalika uku, ndipo 14.5% yokha ya anthu aku US amafika kapena kupitilira 6 mapazi (1.8m). Ndipo kupezeka kwa amayi omwe ali ndi mapazi 6 (1.8m) kapena otalika ku US ndi 1% yokha.
Pofika pano, kutalika kwa amuna padziko lonse lapansi ndi pafupifupi 5 mapazi 9 mainchesi (ofanana ndi mamita 1.7), pamene akazi ndi 5 mapazi ndi mainchesi 5 (pafupifupi mamita 1.6).
Nditawerenga za zimphona za Kashmir zaku India: The Delhi Durbar ya 1903, werengani za 'Giant of Kandahar' yodabwitsa yomwe akuti idaphedwa ndi asitikali apadera aku US ku Afghanistan.
