Nyengo ya Viking ndi nthawi ya mbiri yakale yobisidwa ndi zinsinsi komanso nthano, zambiri zomwe timadziwa za izo zimachokera ku zinthu zakale zomwe zapezedwa zaka zambiri. Posachedwapa, kufufuza kwa radar pansi pa manda a manda ku Norway kwavumbula chinthu chodabwitsa: mabwinja a manda a ngalawa.
Akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale anapeza sitima yapamadzi yokongola kwambiri ya Viking yautali wa mamita 20 pofukula manda a Salhushaugen ku Karmøy ku Western Norway. Poyamba, phirili linkakhulupirira kuti linalibe kanthu, koma kutulukira kochititsa chidwi kumeneku kwasintha zonse. Kupeza kosangalatsa kumeneku kumapereka kuwala kwatsopano pa maliro a Viking ndi zikhulupiriro zawo pambuyo pa imfa.
Muluwu udafufuzidwa koyamba zaka zana zapitazo ndi wofukula zakale, Haakon Shetelig, komabe, zofukulidwa panthawiyo sizinawonetse umboni wosonyeza kuti sitimayo idakwiriridwa pamalo. Shetelig anali atafukula kale manda olemera a sitima ya Viking pafupi, kumene Grønhaugskipet anapezeka, komanso anafukula sitima yotchuka ya Oseberg - sitima yaikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi komanso yosungidwa bwino kwambiri ya Viking - mu 1904. Ku Salshaugen adangopeza matabwa 15 okha ndi matabwa. mivi ina.
Malinga ndi akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale a Håkon Reiersen wa ku University of Stavanger’s Museum of Archaeology, Haakon Shetelig anakhumudwa kwambiri kuti chitundacho sichinafufuzidwenso. Komabe, zikuwoneka kuti Shetelig sanakumba mozama mokwanira.
Pafupifupi chaka chimodzi m'mbuyomo, mu June 2022, akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale adaganiza zofufuza malowa pogwiritsa ntchito radar yolowera pansi yomwe imadziwikanso kuti georadar - chipangizo chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito mafunde a wailesi kuti adziwe zomwe zili pansi pa nthaka. Ndipo taonani, panali chithunzi cha ngalawa ya Viking.
Ofukula mabwinjawo anasankha kusunga chinsinsi mpaka atamaliza kukumba ndi kufufuza ndi kukhala ndi chitsimikiziro chowonjezereka cha zomwe apeza. "Zizindikiro za georadar zikuwonetsa bwino mawonekedwe a sitima yautali wa mita 20. Ndilo lalikulu komanso lofanana ndi sitima yapamadzi ya Oseberg, "akutero Reiersen.
Chombo cha Oseberg chimatalika pafupifupi mamita 22 m'litali ndi mamita oposa 5 m'lifupi. Kuwonjezera apo, zizindikiro zooneka ngati sitima zapamadzi zimaikidwa pakatikati pa chulucho, ndendende pamene chombo chamalirocho chinaikidwa. Izi zikusonyeza mwamphamvu kuti ichi ndi, ndithudi, chombo cha maliro.
Sitimayo imakhala yofanana ndi sitima ya Viking yotchedwa Storhaug, yomwe inapezeka ku Karmøy mu 1886. Kupeza kumeneku kunagwirizanitsidwa ndi zinthu zina zofukulidwa pansi.
“Shetelig anapeza mwala waukulu wozungulira ku Salhushaugen, womwe uyenera kuti unali ngati guwa la nsembe limene ankaperekerapo nsembe. Silabu yofanana kwambiri idapezekanso paphiri la Storhaug, ndipo izi zimalumikiza sitima yapamadzi ya Storhaug munthawi yake, "akutero Reiersen.
Chifukwa cha kupezedwa kodabwitsaku, Karmøy, yomwe yakhala likulu lamphamvu zamphamvu kwazaka zopitilira 3000 kugombe lakumwera chakumadzulo kwa Norway, tsopano imanyadira kukhala ndi zombo zitatu za Viking.
Sitima yapamadzi ya Storhaug idalembedwa mu 770 AD - ndipo idagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati maliro a sitimayo zaka khumi pambuyo pake. Sitima yapamadzi ya Grønhaug idalembedwa mu 780 AD - ndipo idayikidwa m'manda zaka 15 pambuyo pake. Zowonjezera zaposachedwa kwambiri, sitima ya Salhushaug sinatsimikizidwe komanso idalembedwa, koma akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale amalingalira kutinso sitimayi idachokera kumapeto kwa 700s.
Akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale akukonzekera zofukula, kuti awone momwe zinthu zilili komanso kupeza chibwenzi chotsimikizika. "Zomwe taona mpaka pano ndi mawonekedwe a sitimayo. Tikamatsegula, titha kupeza kuti sitimayo sinasungidwe zambiri ndipo zomwe zatsala ndi chizindikiro chabe,” akutero Reiersen.
M'nthawi yakale, kufukula kwa Shetelig kusanachitike, chitunda cha Salhushaug chinali ndi mayendedwe owoneka bwino pafupifupi 50 metres komanso kutalika kwa 5-6 metres. Ngakhale kuti zambiri zakhala zikuchepa pakapita nthawi, malo otsalawo amakhalabe ndipo amalingaliridwa kuti ndi mbali yochititsa chidwi kwambiri pa chuluchi. Reiersen akuwona kuti phirilo likadali ndi zinthu zakale zomwe sizinapezeke.
Malinga ndi Reiersen, kupezeka kwa manda atatu a sitima zapamadzi ku Karmøy kumasonyeza kuti kunali nyumba ya mafumu oyambirira a Viking. Maliro a Oseberg ndi Gokstad, omwe ndi malo odziwika bwino a sitima zapamadzi za Viking, adafukulidwa pafupifupi zaka zana zapitazo ndipo adalembedwa pafupifupi 834 ndi 900 motsatana.
Reiersen akufotokoza kuti palibenso gulu lina la manda a sitima zapamadzi lomwe limaposa kukula kwa kuwundana kumeneku. Malo enieniwa anali chigawo chapakati cha zosintha m'zaka zoyambirira za Viking Age. Reiersen akuvomereza kuti mwambo wa manda a sitima zapamadzi aku Scandinavia udakhazikitsidwa pano, ndipo pambuyo pake unafalikira kumadera ena mdzikolo.
Mafumu a m’madera amene ankalamulira m’derali ankayang’anira zombo za kumadzulo kwa nyanja. Zombo zinakakamizika kudutsa mumsewu wopapatiza wa Karmsund womwe umadziwika kuti Nordvegen - njira yopita kumpoto. Chimenenso ndi chiyambi cha dzina la dziko, Norway.
Mafumu omwe anaikidwa m'sitima zitatu za Viking ku Karmøy anali gulu lamphamvu, m'chigawo cha Norway kumene mphamvu zinali zamphamvu kwa zaka zikwi zambiri. Mudzi wa Avaldsnes ku Karmøy unali kwawo kwa Mfumu ya Viking Harald Fairhair, yomwe imadziwika kuti inagwirizanitsa dziko la Norway cha m'ma 900.
"Mulu wa Storhaug ndi manda okhawo a Viking Age ochokera ku Norway komwe tapeza mphete yagolide. Sikuti aliyense anaikidwa m’manda kuno,” akutero Reiersen.
