Pakatikati pa Lima, Peru, pali chuma chobisika - manda omwe ali pansi pa Basilica ndi Convent ya San Francisco. Misewu yakale iyi, yomangidwa ndi dongosolo la Franciscan mu 1549, idakhala ngati manda amzindawu munthawi yautsamunda waku Spain. Mamandawa adayiwalika kwa zaka mazana ambiri mpaka atapezekanso mu 1951, ndipo lero, ali ngati umboni wa mbiri yakale komanso chikhalidwe cha Lima.
Ulendo wodutsa nthawi
Catacombs of Lima: Kumanga ndi cholinga
Mu 1546, ntchito yomanga Basilica ndi Convent ya San Francisco inayamba, ndi manda kukhala mbali yofunika kwambiri ya mapangidwewo. Zipinda zapansi pa nthaka zimenezi anazimanga kuti zichirikize nyumba ya masisitere pakachitika chivomezi, chimene chinali chowopsa nthaŵi zonse m’chigawocho. Mamandawa anamangidwa mosamala kwambiri kuti akhazikitse bata ndi chitetezo, kuti anthu okhala pamwamba pa nthaka akhale otetezeka.
Manda a mzinda
M'nthawi ya Spain ku Peru, mandawa anali ngati manda oyamba a mzinda wa Lima. Amonke a ku Franciscan anagoneka wakufayo m'zipinda zapansi panthaka, ndipo patapita nthawi, mandawa adakhala malo omaliza a anthu pafupifupi 25,000. Kuyambira kwa anthu wamba mpaka olemera ndi otchuka, anthu amitundu yonse anapeza malo awo okhala kwamuyaya m’malo opatulikawa.
Kutseka ndi kupezanso
Kugwiritsa ntchito manda ngati manda kunatha mu 1810, pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yodzilamulira ya Peru. General Jose de San Martin, yemwe anali wofunikira kwambiri pankhondo yomenyera ufulu wa Peru, adaletsa kugwiritsa ntchito manda, ndipo mandawo adatsekedwa. Kwa zaka zambiri, kukhalapo kwa njira zapansi panthakazi kunayiwalika mpaka kutulukiranso kwawo movutikira mu 1951.
Kuvundukula zinsinsi
The underground complex
Mamanda omwe ali pansi pa Basilica ndi Convent ya San Francisco samangopezeka kumalo ochitirako masisitere okha. Amayenda pansi pa Lima, kulumikiza malo osiyanasiyana monga Nyumba ya Boma, Nyumba ya Malamulo, ndi Alameda de los Descalzos kutsidya lina la Mtsinje wa Rímac. Ngalande zolumikizikazi zinatumikira monga njira yoyendera ndi kulankhulana, kulumikiza nyumba zofunika ndi kupereka maukonde obisika pansi pa mzindawo.
Kupanga mapu osadziwika
Ngakhale adayesa kupanga mapu onsewa mu 1981, kuchuluka kwa mandawa sikudziwikabe. Labyrinth yapansi panthaka imapitirira kupitirira momwe mungaganizire, imasowa kufufuza mwatsatanetsatane ndi zolemba. Misewu yomwe imatsogolera ku malo osiyanasiyana pakati pa likulu la likululo ikupitirizabe kukopa akatswiri a mbiri yakale ndi ofukula zinthu zakale, kuwasiya ndi ntchito yaikulu yovumbulutsa zinsinsi zobisika mkati mwamdima wa manda.
Zotulukira mkati mwa kuya
Pamene ankafufuza mandawa, anapeza manda amene anthu amakhulupirira kuti ankasungirako zida. Lingaliro lina likuwonetsa kulumikizana kwake ndi Tchalitchi cha Desamparados, chomangidwa ndi Viceroy Pedro Antonio Fernandez de Castro, 10th Count of Lemos. Chipindachi ndi zipinda zina zomwe zinali m'mandamo munalibe mabwinja a anthu okha, komanso zinthu zamtengo wapatali komanso zamtengo wapatali, zomwe zimasonyeza cholinga chake osati kungokhala manda chabe. Akatswiri a boma la Peru akukhulupirira kuti mandawa anali njira yotetezera anthu a m’derali kuti asaberedwe komanso kuti ateteze zinthu zamtengo wapatali.
Kusunga mbiri
Chikumbutso cha cholowa
Basilica ndi Convent ya San Francisco, pamodzi ndi manda ake, ali ndi mbiri yakale komanso chikhalidwe. Imaonedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwazolemba zofunika kwambiri za cholowa ku likulu la mbiri yakale la Lima. Pozindikira kufunika kwake, UNESCO idalengeza Mbiri yakale ya Lima, kuphatikizapo nyumba ya San Francisco, Malo Odziwika Padziko Lonse pa December 9, 1988. Dzina lolemekezeka limeneli limalimbitsa malo a manda m’mbiri ndipo limagogomezera kufunika kwa kusungidwa ndi kutetezedwa.
Kuchokera kumanda kupita ku nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale
Mu 1950, mandawa adatsegulidwanso ngati malo osungiramo zinthu zosungiramo zinthu zakale, kulola alendo kuti afufuze dziko lapansi pano ndikuphunzira zam'mbuyo za Lima. Mafupa a anthu pafupifupi 25,000 omwe adayikidwa m'mandawa adapangidwa m'zipinda zosiyanasiyana kutengera mtundu wawo, ndikupanga chiwonetsero chapadera komanso chopatsa chidwi. Mafupa ena amakonzedwa mwaluso, kuwonetsa luso la amonke a ku Franciscan omwe adawaika mosamala. Kuphatikizika kwa imfa ndi luso kumeneku kumakhala chikumbutso chokhudza mtima cha kusakhalitsa kwa moyo ndi kukongola kosatha kwa kulenga kwaumunthu.
Mawu omaliza
Ma Catacombs oiwalika a Lima ndi umboni wa mbiri yakale komanso chikhalidwe cha mzindawo. Kuyambira pamene anamangidwa m’zaka za m’ma 16 mpaka pamene anatsekeredwa ngati manda m’zaka za m’ma 19, ndiponso atapezekanso m’zaka za m’ma 20, zipinda zapansi panthakazi zaona kutha kwa nthawi. Masiku ano, amapereka chithunzithunzi cham'mbuyomo, kulola alendo kuti agwirizane ndi nkhani za omwe adabwera kale. Mamanda a ku Lima amakopa anthu oyenda ulendo kuti afufuze zakuya kwawo kobisika, kuvumbula zinsinsi zomwe zili pansi ndi kusunga chikumbukiro cha nthawi yakale.
