Yodziwika chifukwa cha ntchito zake zambiri zochiritsira komanso zophikira, ndi nthano ya zodabwitsa za botanical zomwe zidasowekapo, ndikusiya m'mbuyo njira yachiwembu ndi chidwi yomwe ikupitilizabe kukopa ofufuza masiku ano.
Silphium, chomera chakale chomwe chinali ndi malo apadera m'mitima ya Aroma ndi Agiriki, chikhoza kukhalapobe, ife sitikudziwa. Chomera chodabwitsachi, chomwe kale chinali chuma chamtengo wapatali cha mafumu komanso chogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makhitchini akale ndi opangira mafuta, chinali mankhwala ochiritsa. Kusowa kwa chomeracho m'mbiri ndi nkhani yochititsa chidwi ya kufunidwa ndi kutha. Ndi zodabwitsa zakale za botanical zomwe zidasiya chidwi ndi chidwi chomwe chikupitilira kukopa ofufuza masiku ano.
The lodziwika bwino Silphium
Silphium inali chomera chofunidwa kwambiri, chobadwira kudera la Kurene kumpoto kwa Africa, komwe tsopano ndi Shahhat, Libya. Akuti anali amtundu wa Ferula, womwe umapangidwa ndi zomera zomwe zimadziwika kuti "giant fennels". Chomeracho chimadziwika ndi mizu yake yolimba yokutidwa ndi khungwa lakuda, tsinde lopanda kanthu ngati fennel, ndi masamba omwe amafanana ndi udzu winawake.
Zoyesa kulima Silphium kunja kwa dera lakwawo, makamaka ku Greece, sizinaphule kanthu. Zomera zakutchire zinkakula bwino ku Kurene kokha, kumene zinkathandiza kwambiri pa chuma cha m’deralo ndipo zinkagulitsidwa kwambiri ndi Girisi ndi Roma. Mtengo wake waukulu ukusonyezedwa m’ndalama za ku Kurene, zomwe nthawi zambiri zinkakhala ndi zithunzi za Silphium kapena mbewu zake.
Kufuna kwa Silphium kunali kwakukulu kwambiri kotero kuti kunali koyenera kulemera kwa siliva. Mfumu ya Roma Augusto inafuna kulamulira kugaŵidwa kwake mwa kulamula kuti zokolola zonse za Silphium ndi madzi ake azitumizidwa kwa iye monga msonkho kwa Aroma.
Silphium: zosangalatsa zophikira
Silphium inali chinthu chodziwika bwino muzophikira zakale za Greece ndi Roma. Mapesi ake ndi masamba ankagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zokometsera, nthawi zambiri ankazipaka pazakudya monga parmesan kapena kusakaniza mu sauces ndi mchere. Masambawo ankawonjezeredwa ku saladi kuti akhale ndi thanzi labwino, pamene mapesi ophwanyika ankakonda kuwotcha, kuwiritsa, kapena kuphikidwa.
Komanso, mbali iliyonse ya zomera, kuphatikizapo mizu, inadyedwa. Mizu nthawi zambiri ankasangalala nayo ataviika mu vinyo wosasa. Kutchulidwa kodziwika kwa Silphium muzakudya zakale kutha kupezeka ku De Re Coquinaria - buku lachiroma la Apicius lazaka za zana la 5, lomwe limaphatikizapo Chinsinsi cha "oxygarum msuzi", nsomba zodziwika bwino ndi viniga wosasa omwe adagwiritsa ntchito Silphium pakati pa zosakaniza zake zazikulu.
Silphium ankagwiritsidwanso ntchito kuonjezera kukoma kwa maso a paini, omwe ankagwiritsidwa ntchito pokometsera zakudya zosiyanasiyana. Chochititsa chidwi n’chakuti, Silphium sanangodyedwa ndi anthu koma ankagwiritsidwanso ntchito kunenepa ng’ombe ndi nkhosa, ndipo amati ankachititsa kuti nyamayo ikhale yokoma kwambiri ikaphedwa.
Silphium: zodabwitsa zachipatala
M'masiku oyambirira a mankhwala amakono, Silphium adapeza malo ake ngati mankhwala ochiritsira. Mlembi wachiroma wotchedwa Pliny the Elder’s encyclopedic buku lakuti Naturalis Historia, kaŵirikaŵiri amatchula za Silphium. Komanso, madokotala otchuka monga Galen ndi Hippocrates analemba za ntchito zawo zachipatala pogwiritsa ntchito Silphium.
Silphium adayikidwa ngati mankhwala ochiza matenda osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza chifuwa, zilonda zapakhosi, mutu, malungo, khunyu, goiters, warts, hernias, ndi "kukula kwa anus". Komanso, mankhwala a Silphium ankakhulupirira kuti amachiritsa zotupa, kutupa kwa mtima, kupweteka kwa mano, ngakhale chifuwa chachikulu.
Koma si zokhazo. Silphium ankagwiritsidwanso ntchito kuteteza kafumbata ndi chiwewe kuti asalumidwe ndi agalu, kumeretsa tsitsi kwa odwala alopecia, ndi kuyambitsa ntchito kwa amayi oyembekezera.
Silphium: aphrodisiac ndi kulera
Kupatulapo ntchito zake zophikira ndi zamankhwala, Silphium inali yotchuka chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zopatsa mphamvu ndipo inkaonedwa kuti ndiyo njira yolerera yabwino kwambiri padziko lonse panthawiyo. Mbewu zooneka ngati mtima za chomeracho zimakhulupirira kuti zimachulukitsa libido mwa amuna ndikuyambitsa kukomoka.
Kwa amayi, Silphium idagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthana ndi vuto la mahomoni komanso kuyambitsa msambo. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa chomeracho ngati njira yolerera ndi kuchotsa mimba kwalembedwa mochuluka. Azimayi amamwa Silphium wosakaniza ndi vinyo kuti "asunthire msambo", mchitidwe wolembedwa ndi Pliny Wamkulu. Kuonjezera apo, amakhulupirira kuti amathetsa mimba yomwe ilipo kale pochititsa kuti chiberekero cha chiberekero chiwonongeke, kuteteza kukula kwa mwana wosabadwayo ndikupangitsa kuti atulutsidwe m'mimba.
thupi.
Maonekedwe a mtima a mbewu za silphium mwina anali gwero la chizindikiro cha mtima chachikhalidwe, chithunzi chodziwika padziko lonse cha chikondi masiku ano.
Kusowa kwa Silphium
Ngakhale kuti amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri komanso kutchuka, Silphium inasowa m'mbiri. Kutha kwa Silphium ndi nkhani yotsutsana. Kukolola mopambanitsa kukanathandiza kwambiri kuti mitundu imeneyi iwonongeke. Popeza kuti Silphium ankatha kumera bwino kuthengo ku Kurene, mindayo iyenera kuti inadyetsedwa mopambanitsa chifukwa cha kukolola kwa zaka zambiri.
Chifukwa cha kusakanikirana kwa mvula ndi nthaka ya mchere wambiri, panali malire a zomera zingati zomwe zingabzalidwe nthawi imodzi ku Kurene. Akuti anthu aku Kurene anayesa kulinganiza zokolola. Komabe, mbewuyo inakololedwa mpaka kutha kumapeto kwa zaka za zana loyamba AD.
Phesi lomaliza la silphium akuti linakololedwa ndi kuperekedwa kwa Mfumu Nero ya Roma monga “losamvetseka.” Malinga ndi Pliny Wamkulu, Nero anadya mphatsoyo mwamsanga (mwachiwonekere, iye sanadziŵe bwino ntchito ya mbewuyo).
Zinthu zina monga kudyetsera nkhosa mopambanitsa, kusintha kwa nyengo, ndi kusanduka chipululu zikanathandizanso kuti chilengedwe ndi nthaka zikhale zosayenerera kuti Silphium ikule.
Chikumbukiro chamoyo?
Ngakhale kutha kwake, cholowa cha Silphium chimapirira. Malinga ndi ofufuza ena, mbewuyo ingakhale ikukulabe kuthengo kumpoto kwa Africa, osazindikirika ndi dziko lamakono. Mpaka kupezedwa kotereku, Silphium imakhalabe chododometsa - chomera chomwe kale chinali ndi malo olemekezeka m'madera akale, omwe tsopano ataya nthawi.
Ndiye, kodi mukuganiza kuti minda ya Silphium ingakhale ikuphukabe, yosazindikirika, kwinakwake Kumpoto kwa Africa?
