Mthunzi wowopsa wa Hiroshima: Kuphulika kwa atomiki komwe kumasiya zipsera pa anthu

M'mawa wa Ogasiti 6, 1945, nzika ya Hiroshima idakhala pamakwerero amiyala kunja kwa Sumitomo Bank pomwe bomba loyamba la atomiki liphulitsidwa mzindawo. Ananyamula ndodo m'dzanja lake lamanja, ndipo dzanja lake lamanzere mwina linali pachifuwa pake.

Mithunzi yowopsa ya Hiroshima: Kuphulika kwa atomiki komwe kumasiya zipsera pa anthu 1
Bomba la atomiki limachita mitambo pamwamba pa Hiroshima (kumanzere) ndi Nagasaki (kumanja) © George R. Caron, Charles Levy | Zida Zamagulu.

Komabe, patangopita masekondi ochepa, adathedwa mphamvu ndi kunyezimira kwa chida cha atomiki. Mthunzi wowopsa womwe adayika pafupi ndi thupi lake udamuyimira, chokumbutsa chowopsa cha mphindi yake yomaliza. Osati iye yekha, koma mphindi zomalizira za mazana zikwi za anthu onga iye zalembedwa motere mdziko la Hiroshima.

Kudera lonse la bizinesi la Hiroshima, titha kuwona zithunzi zokhumudwitsa izi - zomwe zimawonekera pazenera, mavavu, ndi anthu okhumudwa omwe anali m'masekondi awo omaliza. Mithunzi ya zida za nyukiliya yamzindawu yomwe idayenera kuwonongedwa tsopano idakhazikika munyumba ndi mayendedwe.

M_mthunzi_wa_Hiroshima
Kuwotcha pang'ono pamakwerero a Company Sumitomo Bank, nthambi ya Hiroshima © Chithunzi Chajambula: Public Domain

Lero, mithunzi iyi ya nyukiliya imagwira ntchito ngati zikumbutso zazikulu za miyoyo yowerengeka yomwe idawonongedwa pankhondo yomwe sinachitikepo.

Mithunzi ya nyukiliya ya Hiroshima

Banki yosungira positi ofesi, Hiroshima.
Banki yosungira positi ofesi, Hiroshima. Mthunzi wazenera pazenera za fiberboard zopangidwa ndi kung'anima kwa kuphulika. Ogasiti 4, 1945. © Chithunzi Chajambula: US National Archives

Little Boy, bomba la atomiki lomwe linaphulitsa 1,900 ft pamwamba pa mzindawu, linatulutsa kuwala kwakukuru, kowotcha komwe kunawotcha chilichonse chomwe chimakhudzana nacho. Pamwamba pa bomba lidaphulika pamoto pa 10,000 ℉, ndipo chilichonse chomwe chili mkati mwa 1,600 ft ya blast zone chidawonongedwa pakadutsa mphindi. Pafupifupi chilichonse chomwe chili pamtunda wa kilomita imodzi kuchokera kumalo okhudzidwawo chidasandutsidwa mulu wa zinyalala.

Kutentha kwa detonation kunali kwamphamvu kwambiri kotero kuti kunachotsa chilichonse m'derali, ndikupangitsa mithunzi yowonongeka ya zinyalala za anthu komwe kunali nzika.

Sumitomo Bank inali pafupifupi 850 ft kuchokera pomwe Little Boy adakhudzidwa ndi mzinda wa Hiroshima. Palibe amene anapezeka atakhala pamenepo.

Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum ikunena kuti sianthu okha omwe adayambitsa mthunzi woopsa mzindawo bomba la atomiki litagwa. Makwerero, zenera pazenera, mavavu oyendera madzi, ndi njinga zoyendetsa zonse zidagwidwa munjira yophulikayo, ndikusiya zolemba kumbuyo.

Zinalibe kanthu ngati palibe chomwe chimalepheretsa kutentha kuti kungosindikizidwa pazinyumbazo.

Mthunzi wa Hiroshima Japan
Kuphulikako kunasiya mthunzi wa munthu wosindikizidwa pa sitepe yamwala. © Chithunzi Chajambula: Yoshito Matsushige, Okutobala, 1946

Mthunzi wopangidwa ndi munthu amene wakhala pamakwerero a banki mwina ndi wodziwika bwino kwambiri pamithunzi ya Hiroshima. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazomwe zidafotokozedweratu, ndipo adakhala pamenepo pafupifupi zaka makumi awiri kufikira pomwe adasamutsidwa ku Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum.

Alendo atha kuyandikira pafupi ndi mithunzi yoyipa ya Hiroshima, yomwe imakhala zikumbutso zatsoka la kuphulika kwa zida za nyukiliya. Mvula ndi mphepo pang'onopang'ono zinawononga zolembedwazi, zomwe mwina zimatha pafupifupi zaka zochepa mpaka zaka zambiri, kutengera komwe zidasiyidwa.

Hiroshima Shadow Bridge
Mthunzi wachipanganso udayambitsidwa ndi cheza champhamvu. © Chithunzi Chajambula: Yoshito Matsushige, Okutobala, 1945

Chiwonongeko ku Hiroshima

Chiwonongeko chomwe chinatsatira kuphulika kwa bomba la atomiki ku Hiroshima sichinachitikepo. Pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa anayi mwa anthu amzindawu adaphedwa ndi bomba, ndipo kotala lachiwiri limamwalira miyezi ingapo yotsatira.

Nyumba ya Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum
Mzinda wowonongeka wa Hiroshima pambuyo pa kuphulika kwa bomba la atomiki. Akuti pafupifupi 140,000 mwa anthu 350,000 a Hiroshima anaphedwa ndi bomba la atomiki. Nyumba zoposa 60% zawonongeka. © Image Mawu: Guillohmz | Chilolezo chochokera ku DreamsTime.com (Mkonzi Gwiritsani Ntchito Zithunzi, ID: 115664420)

Kuphulikaku kudawononga kwambiri mpaka mtunda wa mamailosi atatu kuchokera pakatikati pa mzindawo. Pafupifupi mamailo awiri ndi theka kuchokera komwe kunaphulika kuphulika, moto udabuka ndipo magalasi adaphwanya zidutswa chikwi.