Zaka mamiliyoni ambiri zapitazo, Antarctica inali mbali ya Gondwana, malo aakulu omwe ali ku Southern Hemisphere. Panthaŵi imeneyi, dera limene tsopano lakutidwa ndi ayezi linali kwenikweni mitengo ya kufupi ndi South Pole.
Kupezeka kwa zokwiriridwa pansi zocholoŵana za mitengoyi tsopano kukusonyeza mmene zomerazi zinakulirakulira ndi zimene nkhalangozo zingafanane nazo pamene kutentha kukupitirira kukwera m’masiku ano.
Erik Gulbranson, katswiri wa paleoecology pa yunivesite ya Wisconsin-Milwaukee, ananena kuti, Antarctica imasunga mbiri ya chilengedwe cha polar biomes yomwe imakhala zaka pafupifupi 400 miliyoni, zomwe kwenikweni ndizochitika zonse za zomera.
Kodi Antarctica ikhoza kukhala ndi mitengo?
Tikayang’ana m’mlengalenga mozizira kwambiri wa ku Antarctica, n’kovuta kuona nkhalango zowirira zomwe kale zinalipo. Kuti apeze mabwinjawo, Gulbranson ndi gulu lake anathawira kumalo otsetsereka a chipale chofeŵa, kukwera pamwamba pa madzi oundana ndi kupirira mphepo yamkuntho yoopsa. Komabe, kuyambira zaka pafupifupi 400 miliyoni mpaka 14 miliyoni zapitazo, mawonekedwe a kumwera kwa kontinenti anali osiyana kwambiri komanso okongola kwambiri. Nyengoyo inalinso yofatsa, komabe zomera zimene zimakula m’madera akumunsi zinafunikabe kupirira mdima wa maola 24 m’nyengo yachisanu ndi kuwala kosatha m’chilimwe, mofanana ndi mmene zinthu zilili masiku ano.
Gulbranson ndi anzake akufufuza za kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa Permian-Triassic, komwe kunachitika zaka 252 miliyoni zapitazo ndipo kunapha 95 peresenti ya zamoyo zapadziko lapansi. Kutha kumeneku akukhulupirira kuti kudachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha wotuluka m'mapiri, zomwe zidapangitsa kutentha kwambiri komanso nyanja za acidified. Pali kufanana pakati pa kutha kumeneku ndi kusintha kwanyengo komwe kulipo pano, komwe sikuli kowopsa koma kumakhudzidwabe ndi mpweya wowonjezera kutentha, adatero Gulbranson.
M'nthawi isanathe kutha kwa Permian misa, mitengo ya Glossopteris inali mitundu yambiri yamitengo kumadera akum'mwera kwa nkhalango, adatero Gulbranson pokambirana ndi Live Science. Mitengoyi imatha kufika kutalika kwa 65 mpaka 131 mapazi (20 mpaka 40 mamita) ndipo inali ndi masamba akuluakulu, ophwanyika atali kuposa ngakhale mkono wa munthu, malinga ndi Gulbranson.
Permian isanathe, mitengoyi idaphimba dzikolo pakati pa 35th parallel South ndi South Pole. (The 35th parallel south is a circle of latitude that is 35 degrees south of the Earth's equatorial plane. Imawoloka nyanja ya Atlantic, Indian Ocean, Australasia, Pacific Ocean, ndi South America.)
Kusiyanitsa: Isanayambe kapena itatha
Mu 2016, paulendo wofufuza zinthu zakale ku Antarctica, Gulbranson ndi gulu lake adakumana ndi nkhalango zakale kwambiri zakumwera zakumwera. Ngakhale sanatchule tsiku lenileni, akuganiza kuti idakula pafupifupi zaka 280 miliyoni zapitazo isanakwiridwe mwachangu muphulusa lamapiri, zomwe zidalisunga bwino mpaka pama cell, monga ofufuza adanenera.
Malinga ndi Gulbranson, akuyenera kupita ku Antarctica mobwerezabwereza kuti apitirize kufufuza malo awiri omwe ali ndi zotsalira zakale kuyambira kale komanso pambuyo pa kutha kwa Permian. Nkhalango zinasintha pambuyo pa kutha, ndi Glossopteris sakupezekanso ndi kusakanikirana kwatsopano kwa mitengo yobiriwira ndi yobiriwira, monga achibale a ginkgo amakono, akutenga malo ake.
Gulbranson adanena kuti akuyesera kuti adziwe chomwe chinachititsa kuti kusinthaku kuchitike, ngakhale kuti sakumvetsa bwino nkhaniyi.
Gulbranson, yemwenso ndi katswiri wa geochemistry, adanena kuti zomera zomwe zimayikidwa mu thanthwe zimasungidwa bwino kotero kuti zigawo za amino acid zawo zimatha kutulutsidwa. Kufufuza zamagulu amankhwalawa kungakhale kothandiza kumvetsetsa chifukwa chake mitengo idapulumuka kuunikira kodabwitsa kum'mwera ndi zomwe zidapangitsa kuti Glossopteris awonongeke, adatero.
Mwamwayi, pakufufuza kwawo kopitilira, gulu lofufuza (lomwe lili ndi mamembala ochokera ku US, Germany, Argentina, Italy, ndi France) lidzakhala ndi mwayi wopeza ma helikoputala kuti ayandikire pafupi ndi mapiri otsetsereka a m'mapiri a Transantarctic, komwe nkhalango zotsalira za nkhalango zakufa. zili. Gululo lidzakhala m'derali kwa miyezi ingapo, kutenga maulendo a helikopita kupita kumtunda pamene nyengo ikuloleza. Kuwala kwadzuwa kwa maola 24 m'derali kumakupatsani mwayi woyenda masana ambiri, ngakhale maulendo apakati pausiku omwe amakhudza kukwera mapiri ndi ntchito zapamunda, malinga ndi Gulbranson.
