Kalelo mu 1950, mkati mwa phanga lomwe lili ku Czechia (Czech Republic), akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale anapeza zinthu zochititsa chidwi. Zomwe anafukula zinali chigaza, chodulidwa bwino, chowululira nkhani yodabwitsa. Poyamba, zinkaganiziridwa kuti zotsalira za chigobazi zinali za anthu awiri osiyana chifukwa cha kugawanika kwa chigaza. Komabe, patapita zaka zambiri, ofufuza anayamba kutsatirira majenomu, zomwe zinachititsa kuti pakhale zotsatira zodabwitsa. Mosiyana ndi zikhulupiriro zoyamba, chigaza chokhachi chinali cha mzimu wokha; mkazi amene anakhalako zaka 45,000 zapitazo.
Ofufuza anamutcha mkazi wa Zlatý kůň, kapena “kavalo wagolide” m’Chicheki, pogwedezera phiri pamwamba pa phangalo. Kufufuza kwina kwa DNA yake kunavumbula kuti iye genome anali ndi pafupifupi 3% Neanderthal makolo, kuti iye anali m'gulu la anthu oyambirira amakono omwe ayenera kuti anakwatirana ndi a Neanderthals komanso kuti jini lake linali lakale kwambiri lamakono laumunthu lomwe linatsatiridwapo.
Ngakhale kuti zadziŵika zambiri zokhudza chibadwa cha mkaziyo, n’zochepa zimene zimadziwika ponena za mmene ankaonekera. Koma tsopano, latsopano pepala la pa intaneti lofalitsidwa pa July 18 limapereka chidziwitso chatsopano cha maonekedwe ake zotheka mwa mawonekedwe a nkhope.
Kuti apange mawonekedwe a mkaziyo, ofufuza adagwiritsa ntchito deta yomwe inasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku ma scan angapo omwe analipo a computed tomography (CT) a chigaza chake omwe ali mbali ya malo osungirako zinthu pa intaneti. Komabe, mofanana ndi ofukula za m’mabwinja amene anam’fukula zaka zoposa 70 zapitazo, anapeza kuti panalibe tizigawo ta chigaza cha mutuwo, kuphatikizapo mbali yaikulu ya kumanzere kwa nkhope yake.
Malinga ndi wolemba nawo kafukufukuyu, Cícero Moraes, katswiri wojambula zithunzi ku Brazil, "Chidziwitso chochititsa chidwi chokhudza chigazachi ndi chakuti chinyamacho chinakulumwa ndi nyama pambuyo pa imfa yake, chinyama ichi chikhoza kukhala nkhandwe kapena fisi ( onse analipo pa zinyama panthaŵiyo).
Kuti alowe m'malo mwa magawo omwe adasowa, Moraes ndi gulu lake adagwiritsa ntchito ziwerengero zomwe zidapangidwa mu 2018 ndi ofufuza omwe adamanganso chigazacho. Anafunsiranso ma scan awiri a CT - a mkazi ndi mwamuna wamakono - pamene adapanga nkhope ya digito.
"Chomwe chidatichititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi kulimba kwa mawonekedwe a nkhope, makamaka nsagwada zapansi," adatero Moraes. “Anthu ofukula zinthu zakale atapeza chigazacho, akatswiri oyamba kuchifufuza ankaganiza kuti ndi munthu ndipo n’zosavuta kumvetsa chifukwa chake. Kuphatikiza pa chigaza chokhala ndi mikhalidwe yomwe imagwirizana kwambiri ndi amuna kapena akazi omwe ali ndi anthu omwe alipo," zomwe zimaphatikizapo nsagwada "zolimba".
"Tikuwona kuti mawonekedwe a nsagwada a Zlatý kůň amakhala ogwirizana kwambiri ndi Neanderthals," adawonjezera.
Chibwano champhamvu sichinali chinthu chokhacho chomwe chidakopa chidwi cha ofufuza. Iwo adapezanso kuti kuchuluka kwa endocranial ya mayiyo, malo omwe ubongo umakhala, kunali kokulirapo kuposa anthu amakono omwe ali mgululi. Komabe, Moraes akuti izi ndi "mgwirizano waukulu pakati pa Zlatý kůň ndi Neanderthals kuposa pakati pa iye ndi anthu amakono," adatero.
"Titakhala ndi nkhope yoyambira, tidapanga zithunzi zowoneka bwino komanso zasayansi, popanda utoto (mu grayscale), maso otsekedwa komanso opanda tsitsi," adatero Moraes. "Kenako, tidapanga mtundu wongopeka wokhala ndi khungu lopaka utoto, maso otseguka, ubweya ndi tsitsi. Cholinga chachiwiri ndikupereka mawonekedwe omveka bwino kwa anthu wamba. ”
Chotsatira chake ndi chithunzi chamoyo cha mkazi yemwe ali ndi tsitsi lakuda, lopindika ndi maso a bulauni.
"Tinayang'ana zinthu zomwe zimatha kupanga mawonekedwe a nkhope pokhapokha pamlingo wongoyerekeza popeza palibe deta yomwe idaperekedwa pamtundu wa khungu, tsitsi ndi maso," adatero Moraes.
Cosimo Posth, katswiri wofukula zakale yemwe adaphunzira zambiri za Zlatý kůň koma sanachite nawo kafukufukuyu, adatsimikizira kuti zambiri zokhudza mayiyu zikadali chinsinsi.
"Zomwe ndapeza kuchokera ku Zlatý kůň zomwe ndagwirirapo ntchito sizingatiuze zambiri za mawonekedwe a nkhope yake. Malingaliro anga, chidziwitso cha morphological chingapereke lingaliro loyenera la momwe mutu wake ndi nkhope yake zikanakhalira koma osati chisonyezero cholondola cha minofu yake yofewa, "anatero Posth, pulofesa wofukula zakale ku yunivesite ya Tübingen ku Germany.
