M'dzinja la 2021, akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale a Museum of Cultural History adafufuza za manda a Tyrifjorden ku Ringerike. M'manda amodzi, adapeza mwala wokhala ndi zolemba zingapo za runic. Mafupa oyaka ndi makala ochokera kumanda akuwonetsa kuti ma runes adalembedwa pakati pa zaka 1 ndi 250 AD. Izi zimapangitsa kuti ikhale mwala wodziwika bwino kwambiri wa rune.
Mwala wakale wa rune waku Norway uwu ukukopa chidwi chapadziko lonse lapansi pakati pa akatswiri a runic ndi akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale. Zolembazo zafika zaka 2,000 ndipo zidayambanso masiku oyambilira a mbiri yakale ya runic. Mwalawu watchedwa dzina la malo omwe anapeza, ndipo tsopano umatchedwa mwala wa Svengerud.
Nthawi ina pakati pa zaka 1,800 ndi 2,000 zapitazo, munthu wina anayima pafupi ndi Tyrifjorden ndikujambula ma runes mumchenga wa 31 × 32 cm wa mwala wa mchenga wofiirira wa Ringerike. Iwo amalankhula mtundu wakale wa chilankhulo chakale cha Nordic chomwe ndi chilankhulo cha makolo a zilankhulo zamakono za Nordic zomwe zimayankhulidwa ku Scandinavia masiku ano.
Mkazi wotchedwa Idibera?
Kodi pamwala palembedwa dzina la munthu amene anaikidwa m’mandamo? Pamaso pa mwalawo, ma runes asanu ndi atatu amawonekera bwino pakati pa zolemba zina. Atatembenuzidwa kukhala zilembo zachilatini zomwe amalemba: idiberug. Kodi mwalawu wapangidwira "Idibera"? Kapena cholinga chake chinali kulemba dzina la 'Idibergu' kapena dzina lachibale 'Idiberung'?
Njira zolembera zolemba zakale za rune zinali zosiyanasiyana, ndipo chilankhulo chasintha kwambiri kuyambira pomwe ma runes awa amasema mpaka nthawi ya Viking ndi Middle Ages. Kutanthauzira mauthenga pamwala kotero ndizovuta.
Kulemba mwamasewera?
Mwalawu uli ndi mitundu ingapo ya zolembedwa. Mizere ina imapanga chitsanzo cha gridi, pali ziwerengero zazing'ono za zigzag ndi zizindikiro zina zosangalatsa. Sikuti onse amamveka bwino m'zinenero, ndipo wina akhoza kuganiza kuti wina watengera, kufufuza kapena kusewera ndi kulemba. N’kutheka kuti mmisiri wosemayo anali m’kati mwa kuphunzira kuseta ma runes.
Palinso kafukufuku wambiri wopangidwa pamwala wa Svengerud, koma mosakayikira, akatswiri adzapeza chidziwitso chamtengo wapatali ponena za mbiri yakale ya kulembera kwa runic ndi mwambo wopanga miyala ya rune.
Zilembo zake zokha
Runes ndiye njira yakale kwambiri yolembera ku Norway. Tikudziwa kuti runes anali kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosalekeza kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa Common Era ndi mu Viking Age ndi Middle Ages.Zilembo za runic zimatchedwa futhark, chifukwa ma runes asanu ndi limodzi oyambirira ndi "fu th ark". Pamwala wa Svingerud timapezanso zolembedwa ndi zilembo zitatu zoyambirira za zilembo ᚠ (f), ᚢ (u) ndi ᚦ (th).
Runes ndi zizindikiro zolembedwa zomwe zimayimira mawu osiyanasiyana. Ena amaoneka ngati zilembo zazikulu zachilatini, monga ᛒ (B). Ma runes ena amafanana ndi zilembo za Chilatini, koma amaimira mawu ena: ᛖ = e. Ena samafanana ndi zilembo zomwe timagwiritsa ntchito masiku ano: ᛈ amatanthauza p. Zolemba za runic zitha kuuziridwa ndi zilembo zachilatini, koma zoyambira zake sizikudziwika. Amene anayambitsa script anapereka runes kupotoza kwawo ndi kusintha dongosolo la zilembo.
Museum of Cultural History yachita zofukula zakale za malo oyika maliro ku Hole monga gawo la Nye Veier AS akukonzekera misewu ndi njanji (Ringeriksporteføljen) pakati pa Sandvika ndi Hønefoss.
Runestone idzawonetsedwa ku Museum of Cultural History ku Oslo kuyambira Januware 21 mpaka February 26.
Nkhaniyi imasindikizidwanso kuchokera Mbiri Yakale pansi pa chilolezo cha Creative Commons. Werengani nkhani yoyambirira.
