Anyani watsopano wazaka 8.7 miliyoni ku Turkey akutsutsa malingaliro omwe akhala akudziwika kwa nthawi yayitali a chiyambi chaumunthu ndikuwonjezera kulemera kwa chiphunzitso chakuti makolo a anyani aku Africa ndi anthu adasinthika ku Ulaya asanasamukire ku Africa pakati pa 9 ndi 7. zaka miliyoni zapitazo.
Kuwunika kwa nyani yemwe wangodziwika kumene dzina lake Anadoluvius turkae yemwe adapezeka kudera la Çorakyerler pafupi ndi Çankırı mothandizidwa ndi Unduna wa Zachikhalidwe ndi Zokopa alendo ku Turkey, akuwonetsa kuti anyani a ku Mediterranean ndi osiyanasiyana ndipo ndi gawo la ma radiation odziwika a hominines oyambirira - gululi. zomwe zikuphatikizapo anyani a ku Africa (chimpanzi, bonobos ndi gorilla), anthu ndi makolo awo akale.
Zomwe zapezazi zikufotokozedwa mu kafukufuku wofalitsidwa lero mu Kulankhulana kwa Biology lolembedwa ndi gulu lapadziko lonse la ofufuza motsogozedwa ndi Pulofesa David Begun ku Yunivesite ya Toronto (U of T) ndi Pulofesa Ayla Sevim Erol ku Yunivesite ya Ankara.
"Zomwe tapeza zikuwonetsanso kuti ma hominines sanangosanduka kumadzulo ndi pakati pa Europe koma adakhala zaka zoposa mamiliyoni asanu akusintha kumeneko ndikufalikira kum'mawa kwa Mediterranean asanabalalike ku Africa, mwina chifukwa cha kusintha kwa malo komanso kuchepa kwa nkhalango," adatero Begun. pulofesa mu Dipatimenti ya Anthropology mu Faculty of Arts & Science ku U of T. "Mamembala a radiation yomwe Anadoluvius ali nawo panopa amadziwika ku Ulaya ndi ku Anatolia."
Mapeto ake amachokera pakuwunika kwambiri yosungidwa bwino Cranium yapang'ono idavumbulutsidwa pamalowa mu 2015, yomwe imaphatikizapo mawonekedwe a nkhope ndi gawo lakutsogolo la ubongo.
"Kukwanira kwa zokwiriridwa zakale kunatilola kuti tifufuze mozama komanso mwatsatanetsatane pogwiritsa ntchito zilembo ndi zikhumbo zambiri zomwe zalembedwa mu pulogalamu yopangidwira kuwerengera maubwenzi osinthika," adatero Begun. "Nkhope nthawi zambiri imakhala yokwanira, mutagwiritsa ntchito kujambula magalasi. Mbali yatsopanoyi ndi pamphumi, ndipo fupa limasungidwa mpaka ku korona wa cranium. Zokwiriridwa zakale zomwe zafotokozedwa m'mbuyomu zilibe ubongo wambiri chonchi."
Ofufuzawo akuti Anadoluvius anali pafupifupi kukula kwa chimpanzi chachimuna chachikulu (50-60 kg) - yayikulu kwambiri kwa chimp komanso pafupi ndi kukula kwa gorilla wamkazi (75-80 kg) - amakhala m'nkhalango yowuma, ndipo mwina anakhala nthawi yaitali pansi.
"Tilibe mafupa a miyendo koma kuweruza kuchokera ku nsagwada ndi mano, nyama zomwe zimapezeka pambali pake, ndi zizindikiro za chilengedwe, Anadoluvius mwina ankakhala momasuka, mosiyana ndi nkhalango za anyani akuluakulu," adatero Sevim Erol. "Zofanana ndi zomwe timaganiza kuti madera a anthu oyambirira ku Africa anali. Nsagwada zamphamvu ndi mano akulu akulu okhuthala zimasonyeza kuti munthu ayenera kudya zakudya zolimba kapena zolimba zochokera kumtunda monga mizu ndi ma rhizomes.”
Nyama zomwe zinkakhala ndi Anadoluvius ndi zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi udzu wa ku Africa ndi nkhalango zouma masiku ano, monga giraffes, wart hogs, rhinos, antelopes, mbidzi, njovu, nungu, afisi ndi nyama zokhala ngati mkango. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti chilengedwe chikuwoneka kuti chinabalalika ku Africa kuchokera kum'mawa kwa Mediterranean patapita zaka pafupifupi 8 miliyoni zapitazo.
"Kukhazikitsidwa kwa zinyama zamakono za ku Africa kumadera akum'mawa kwa Mediterranean kwadziwika kale ndipo tsopano tikhoza kuwonjezera pa mndandanda wa makolo a nyani ndi anthu a ku Africa," anatero Sevim Erol.
Zomwe zapezazi zimatsimikizira Anadoluvius turkae ngati nthambi ya gawo la mtengo wa chisinthiko womwe unayambitsa zimpanzi, bonobos, gorilla, ndi anthu. Ngakhale anyani a ku Africa masiku ano amadziŵika kokha kuchokera ku Africa, monganso anthu oyambirira odziwika, olemba kafukufukuyu - omwe amaphatikizapo anzawo a Ege University ndi Pamukkale University ku Turkey ndi Naturalis Biodiversity Center ku The Netherlands - atsimikiza kuti makolo a onse awiri adachokera. Europe ndi kum'mawa kwa Mediterranean.
Anadoluvius ndi anyani ena akale ochokera kufupi ndi Greece (Ouranopithecus) ndi Bulgaria (Graecopithecus) amapanga gulu lomwe limayandikira kwambiri mwatsatanetsatane za kaumbidwe ndi chilengedwe ku hominins, kapena anthu akale kwambiri. Zakale zatsopanozi ndizo zitsanzo zosungidwa bwino za gulu ili la hominines oyambirira ndipo zimapereka umboni wamphamvu kwambiri mpaka pano kuti gululi linayambira ku Ulaya ndipo kenako linabalalika ku Africa.
Kusanthula mwatsatanetsatane kwa kafukufukuyu kukuwonetsanso kuti anyani a Balkan ndi Anatolian adachokera ku makolo akumadzulo ndi pakati pa Europe. Ndi deta yake yowonjezereka, kafukufuku akupereka umboni wakuti anyani enawa analinso ma hominines kutanthauza kuti ndizotheka kuti gulu lonselo linasintha ndi kusiyanasiyana ku Ulaya, osati zochitika zina zomwe nthambi zosiyana za anyani poyamba zinasamukira ku Ulaya. kuchokera ku Africa pazaka mamiliyoni angapo, ndipo kenako zidatha popanda vuto.
"Palibe umboni wotsatirawu, ngakhale udakali wokonda kwambiri pakati pa omwe savomereza lingaliro lochokera ku Europe," adatero Begun. “Zofukufukuzi zikusiyana ndi lingaliro lomwe anthu akhala nalo kwa nthaŵi yaitali lakuti anyani a mu Afirika ndi anthu anasanduka mu Afirika mokha. Pamene kuli kwakuti zotsalira za ma hominines oyambirira ali ochuluka ku Ulaya ndi ku Anatolia, iwo kulibe konse mu Afirika kufikira pamene hominin yoyamba inawonekera kumeneko pafupifupi zaka mamiliyoni asanu ndi aŵiri zapitazo.”
“Umboni watsopanowu ukuchirikiza lingaliro lakuti mahominini anachokera ku Ulaya ndipo anamwazikana ku Africa pamodzi ndi zinyama zina zambiri pakati pa zaka XNUMX miliyoni ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri zapitazo, ngakhale kuti sizikutsimikizira zimenezo. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, tifunika kupeza zokwiriridwa pansi zakale zochokera ku Ulaya ndi ku Afirika za zaka zapakati pa XNUMX ndi XNUMX miliyoni kuti tipeze mgwirizano wotsimikizirika pakati pa magulu awiriwa.”
Phunzirolo lidasindikizidwa koyamba m'magazini Kulankhulana kwa Biology pa August 23, 2023.
