Gulu lakale lidakhazikitsa chuma chaulimi chomwe chimakhala ndi chimanga, sikwashi, yucca, ndi zokolola zina pafupifupi zaka 2,000 zapitazo kudera la m'mphepete mwa nyanja ku Peru komwe kumalandira mvula yochepera mamilimita 4 pachaka. Cholowa chawo, chotchedwa Nazca, chimadziwika kwambiri padziko lapansi masiku ano kudzera pa Nazca Lines, ma geoglyph akale m'chipululu omwe amakhala ndi mizere yosavuta mpaka zithunzi za anyani, nsomba, abuluzi, ndi zina zambiri zochititsa chidwi.
Ngakhale chiphunzitso chovomerezeka ndichakuti mizereyo iyenera kuti idamangidwa pazifukwa zachipembedzo, mamangidwe apamwamba a Anazi a ngalande zam'madzi anali mphamvu yofunikira yomwe idalimbikitsa gulu lawo lonse. Njirayi idalumikizidwa m'madamu achilengedwe apansi panthaka yamapiri a Nazca, ndikuyendetsa madzi kunyanjayo kudzera mumayendedwe angapo opingasa. Panali zitsime zambirimbiri, kapena mazana, zitsime zozungulira zodziwika bwino zotchedwa puquios, zomwe zimadutsa pamwamba pa ngalande zapansi panthaka izi.
Kuyambira 1000 BC mpaka 750 AD, anthu a Nazca adalamulira derali. Chiyambi cha mapangidwe amadziwe adali achinsinsi kwazaka zambiri, koma malinga ndi nkhani yofalitsidwa ndi Rosa Lasaponara wa Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis ku Italy, gulu lake lidathetsa chinsinsi.
Asayansiwa adagwiritsa ntchito kujambula kwa satelayiti kuti pamapeto pake azindikire ma puquios ngati 'makina amadzimadzi ovuta omwe amamangidwa kuti atulutse madzi m'madzi am'madzi am'munsi'. Rosa Lasaponara amakhulupirira kuti zomwe adapeza zikufotokozera momwe anthu oyamba a Nazca adakhalira m'malo opanikizika ndi madzi. Kuphatikiza apo, sikuti adangopulumuka, komanso adakulitsa ulimi.
Ma puquios amapezeka mdera limodzi ndi mizere yodziwika bwino ya Nazca ndipo tanthauzo la mabowo akalewa lakhala likutsutsidwa kwambiri. Olemba mbiri ena komanso akatswiri ofukula mabwinja amaganiza kuti anali m'gulu la ulimi wothirira. Ena amaganiza kuti awa anali manda amwambo.
Akatswiri ambiri adadabwitsidwa kuti nzika zaku Nazca zidakwanitsa bwanji kukhala m'malo omwe chilala chimatha zaka zambiri.
Lasaponara ndi gulu lake adatha kumvetsetsa momwe ma puquios amafalikira kudera la Nazca, komanso komwe adathamangira motsutsana ndi midzi yoyandikana - yomwe ndi yosavuta mpaka pano - pogwiritsa ntchito kujambula kwa satellite.
"Chodziwikiratu tsopano ndikuti dongosolo la puquio limayenera kukhala lotsogola kwambiri kuposa momwe zikuwonekera masiku ano," Lasaponara akuwonjezera. "Pogwiritsa ntchito madzi opanda malire chaka chonse, makina a puquio adathandizira kulima m'chigwa m'dera lina louma kwambiri padziko lapansi."
Chiyambi cha puquios sichinakhale chinsinsi kwa akatswiri popeza njira zovomerezeka zopangira kaboni sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito pamakona. Nazca sanasiyepo chilichonse chokhudza komwe adachokera. Kupatula Amaya okha, iwonso, monga zikhalidwe zina zambiri ku South America, analibe njira yolemba.
"Kupangidwa kwa ma puquios kudafunikira kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri," Lasaponara akufotokoza. Osangoti opanga mapulani a puquios amafunikira kuti amvetsetse bwino za geology ya m'derali komanso kusintha kwa nyengo pakupezeka kwa madzi, koma kusunga ngalandezo kunali kovuta chifukwa chogawa kwawo zolakwika za tectonic.
"Chodabwitsa kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa ntchito, kukonzekera, ndi mgwirizano zofunikira kuti ziwalembeke ndikuwasamalira mosalekeza," Lasaponara akuti.
Izi zikutanthauza kuti madzi azikhala osasintha, kwa mibadwo yonse m'chigawo chomwe ndi chowuma kwambiri padziko lapansi. Kunena, pulojekiti yofunika kwambiri yama hayidiroliki mdera la Nazca idapangitsa kuti madzi azikhala chaka chonse, osati zaulimi komanso ulimi wothirira, komanso zosowa zapakhomo.
Dera la Nazca lafufuzidwa kwazaka zambiri, komabe likadali ndi zodabwitsa zambiri. Zaka zingapo zapitazo, David Jonson, yemwe kale anali mphunzitsi, wojambula zithunzi, komanso wofufuza pawokha ku Poughkeepsie, New York, adapereka lingaliro lake lokhudza ma geoglyphs a Nazca. Akuti mawonekedwe ake ndi mamapu ndipo amaloza kumayendedwe amadzi am'munsi omwe amadyetsa dongosolo la puquios.
Amakhala akuphunzira bulangeti yotchuka ya Nazca lines, yomwe imazungulira 280 ma kilomita, kuyambira koyambirira kwa 1990s (725.2 sq. Km). Jonson adakhala milungu yambiri kudera lakumapiri ku Peru akufufuza za mizere, yomwe imadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwa zinsinsi zazikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi.
The “Mabowo Odabwitsa Kwambiri a ku Peru,” malinga ndi wofufuzayo, akuyenera kukhala fanizo lalikulu la luso laukadaulo la anthu akale omwe adatengera ku South America kuchokera kudera la Mediterranean. Anatinso "atangofika, osamukirawo, mwina chifukwa chofunikira, anamanga njira yosavuta, yotsika mtengo, yosagwirira ntchito yambiri."
