Phanga la Royston ndi phanga lopanga ku Hertfordshire, England, lomwe lili ndi zojambula zachilendo. Sizikudziwika kuti ndani adalenga phangalo kapena chomwe chidagwiritsidwa ntchito, koma pali malingaliro ambiri.
Ena amakhulupirira kuti idagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Knights Templar, pomwe ena amakhulupirira kuti mwina inali nyumba yosungiramo zinthu za Augustinian. Chiphunzitso china chimanena kuti unali mgodi wa miyala ya Neolithic. Palibe chimodzi mwa ziphunzitsozi chomwe chatsimikiziridwa, ndipo chiyambi cha Royston Cave sichikudziwikabe.
Kupezeka kwa Royston Cave
Phanga la Royston linapezedwa mu Ogasiti 1742 ndi wogwira ntchito m'tawuni yaying'ono ya Royston akumakumba maenje opangira benchi yatsopano pamsika. Anapeza mphero pamene anali kukumba, ndipo pamene anakumba mozungulira kuti auchotse, anapeza tsinde lolowera m’phanga lopangidwa ndi anthu, lodzaza theka ndi dothi ndi mwala.
Panthawi yotulukira, kuyesayesa kunapangidwa kuchotsa dothi ndi miyala yodzaza phanga lopanga, lomwe pambuyo pake linatayidwa. Ena ankakhulupirira kuti chuma chidzapezeka mkati mwa Royston Cave. Komabe, kuchotsedwa kwa dothi sikunaulule chuma chilichonse. Komabe adapeza ziboliboli zachilendo kwambiri mkati mwaphanga. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti nthaka ikadapanda kutayidwa, luso lamakono lamakono likanalola kusanthula nthaka.
Pansi pa mphambano ya Ermine Street ndi Icknield Way, phanga palokha ndi chipinda chopanga chojambulidwa mu mwala wa choko, chotalika pafupifupi 7.7 metres (25 ft 6 in) ndi 5.2 metres (17 ft) m'mimba mwake. Pansi pake, phangalo ndi gawo lokwera la octagonal, lomwe ambiri amakhulupirira kuti limagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwada kapena kupemphera.
Pansi pa khoma pali zojambula zachilendo. Akatswiri amakhulupirira kuti zojambula zojambulidwazi zinali zojambulidwa poyamba, ngakhale kuti chifukwa cha kupita kwa nthawi timakhala tikuwona mitundu yaying'ono chabe.
Zithunzi zojambulidwa zojambulidwa nthawi zambiri zimakhala zachipembedzo, zomwe zikuwonetsa St. Catherine, Banja Loyera, Kupachikidwa, St. Lawrence atagwira gridiron yomwe adaphedwerapo chikhulupiriro, ndi chithunzi chokhala ndi lupanga yemwe angakhale St. George, kapena St. . Mabowo omwe ali pansi pa zojambulazo akuwoneka kuti anali ndi makandulo kapena nyali zomwe zikanayatsa zojambulazo ndi ziboliboli.
Ziwerengero ndi zizindikilo zingapo sizinadziwikebe, koma malinga ndi Royston Town Council, kafukufuku wopangidwa m'phangalo akuwonetsa kuti zojambulazo zidapangidwa chapakati pazaka za m'ma 14.
Chimodzi mwazotsatira zazikulu zakuchokera kwa Royston Cave, makamaka kwa iwo omwe amakonda malingaliro a chiwembu, n’chakuti ankagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi gulu lachipembedzo la m’zaka za m’ma Middle Ages lotchedwa Ankhondo a Knights, asanawonongedwe ndi Papa Clement V mu 1312.
Zofukulidwa Zakale Zoipa amadzudzula momwe mawebusayiti pa intaneti adabwerezanso kuyanjana uku pakati pa Royston Cave ndi Knights Templar, ngakhale kuti umboniwo ulibe mphamvu zokomera zongopeka komanso zotsutsana zokomera tsiku lina.
Ena amakhulupiriranso kuti phangalo linali litagawanika pawiri pogwiritsa ntchito matabwa. Zithunzi pafupi ndi gawo lowonongeka la phangalo zikuwonetsa zida ziwiri zitakwera hatchi imodzi, zomwe zitha kukhala zotsalira za chizindikiro cha Templar. Wolemba mbiri wa zomangamanga Nikolaus Pevsner analemba kuti: “Tsiku la zojambulazo ndi lovuta kulilingalira. Amatchedwa Anglo-Saxon, koma mwina ndi amasiku osiyanasiyana pakati pa C14 ndi C17 (ntchito ya amuna osaphunzira).
Chiphunzitso china ndi chakuti Royston Cave ankagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nyumba yosungiramo zinthu za Augustinian. Monga dzina lawo likunenera, a Augustinian anali Dongosolo lopangidwa ndi Augustine, Bishopu wa Hippo, ku Africa. Anakhazikitsidwa mu 1061 AD, adabwera koyamba ku England nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Henry I.
Kuyambira m'zaka za zana la 12, Royston ku Hertfordshire anali likulu la moyo wa amonke ndipo choyambirira cha Augustin chinapitilira popanda kusweka kumeneko kwa zaka pafupifupi 400. Zanenedwa kuti amonke aku Augustinian akumaloko adagwiritsa ntchito Royston Cave ngati malo ozizira osungiramo zinthu zawo komanso ngati tchalitchi.
Chofunika kwambiri, ena amalingalira kuti chikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mgodi wa miyala ya Neolithic koyambirira kwa 3,000 BC, pomwe mwala ukadasonkhanitsidwa kupanga nkhwangwa ndi zida zina. Komabe, choko m'derali chimangopereka tinthu tating'ono ting'onoting'ono, tosayenerera kupanga nkhwangwa, kotero izi zitha kuyika chikaiko pa chiphunzitsochi.
Kuwulula zinsinsi za Royston Cave
Mpaka pano, pali zinsinsi zambiri za yemwe adapanga phanga la Royston komanso chifukwa chiyani. Nthawi zonse ndizotheka kuti dera lililonse lomwe lidapanga phangalo lingakhale litalisiya nthawi ina, ndikulola kuti ligwiritsidwe ntchito ndi anthu ena.
Zinsinsi zozungulira phanga ndi ziboliboli zomwe zili mkatimo zimapangitsa Phanga la Royston kukhala malo osangalatsa kwa alendo omwe angafune kufotokoza za komwe kudabwitsidwa kwakaleku.
