Gulu la ofufuza lotsogozedwa ndi Griffith Center for Social and Cultural Research mogwirizana ndi The Sarawak Museum Department akhala oyamba mpaka pano zojambula za Gua Sireh Cave ku Sarawak, akuwulula nkhani yomvetsa chisoni ya mikangano munjirayi.
Pepala lasindikizidwa m'magazini MITU YOYAMBA, yotchedwa "Rock Art and frontier conflict in Southeast Asia: Insights from direct radiocarbon age for the big human figures of Gua Sireh, Sarawak."
Phanga la miyala ya laimu ku Gua Sireh kumadzulo kwa Sarawak (ku Malaysian Borneo) ndi lodziwika bwino chifukwa cha zithunzi zambiri zamakala zomwe zili pamakoma a zipinda zake zazikulu, zomwe zimakopa alendo mazana ambiri chaka chilichonse.
Pafupifupi 55 km kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Sarawak's Capital, Kuching, malowa amayang'aniridwa ndi a Bidayuh (anthu akomweko) mogwirizana ndi dipatimenti yosungiramo zinthu zakale ya Sarawak Museum, ndi zithunzi zosonyeza kukana nkhanza za m'malire mzaka za m'ma 1600 ndi 1800 AD.
Zaka za radiocarbon pazithunzizi zidakhala pakati pa 280 ndi 120 cal BP (AD 1670 mpaka 1830), zomwe zikugwirizana ndi nthawi ya mikangano yomwe idakulirakulira mderali pomwe olemekezeka a ku Malaysia omwe amayang'anira chigawochi adazunza kwambiri mafuko amtundu wakumapiri, kuphatikiza a Bidayuh.
Malinga ndi zomwe gulu likudziwa, madeti a radiocarbon awa ndi nthawi yoyamba yodziwira zaka za zojambulajambula zaku Malaysian rock.
Mtsogoleri wina wotsogolera maphunziro, Dr. Jillian Huntley adati sitepe yoyamba ndikukhazikitsa zomwe zidagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zojambulazo.
"Tinkafuna kutsimikizira kuti zithunzizo zidakokedwa ndi makala, chifukwa pali zinthu zochepa zomwe mungathe kukhala ndi tsiku la radiocarbon," adatero.
"Tinkayang'ana zowonongeka za isotopu za carbon, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zinthuzo ziyenera kukhala ndi carbon, ndipo kusanthula kwathu (ndi wothandizira Dr. Emilie Dotte-Sarout ku yunivesite ya Western Australia) adatsimikiza kuti makala amitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsungwi adagwiritsidwa ntchito.
"Pojambula pa miyala ya laimu, amasungidwa bwino kwambiri."
Zojambula ku Gua Sireh ndi gawo la kugawidwa kwakukulu kwa zojambula zakuda zopezeka kuchokera ku Philippines kudutsa pakati pa Island Southeast Asia kudutsa Borneo ndi Sulawesi kupita ku Peninsular Malaysia. Amaganiziridwa kuti amagwirizana ndi diaspora ya anthu olankhula Austronesian.
Ntchito yapachibwenzi yam'mbuyo, yomwe imatsogoleredwa ndi Griffith Center for Social and Cultural Research, yakhazikitsa zojambula zofanana ku Philippines zinapangidwa kale ~ 3500 cal BP ndi ~ 1500 cal BP kum'mwera kwa Sulawesi.
"Zojambula zakuda m'derali zapangidwa kwa zaka zikwi zambiri," adatero Dr. Huntley.
"Ntchito yathu ku Gua Sireh ikuwonetsa zojambulajambulazi zidagwiritsidwa ntchito mpaka posachedwapa kujambula zomwe Amwenye adakumana nazo pakuchita atsamunda komanso chiwawa."
Pulofesa wina wodziwika bwino, a Paul Tacon, adati gululi lidadziwa kuchokera ku ntchito zam'mbuyomu m'derali kuti luso la miyala ya kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Borneo (magawo aku Malaysia a Sabah ndi Sarawak) kumayang'aniridwa ndi zojambula za anthu, nyama, zombo komanso mawonekedwe a geometric / mizere.
“Ku Gua Sireh, anthu amakopeka atavala zisoti—ena ali ndi zishango, mipeni ndi mikondo, m’zithunzi zosonyeza zinthu monga kusaka, kupha nyama, kuwedza, kumenyana ndi kuvina,” iye anatero.
“Tinali kudziwa zaka zawo potengera nkhani monga nyama zodziwika bwino, koma sitinkadziwa kuti ali ndi zaka zingati, choncho zinali zovuta kumasulira zomwe angatanthauze.”
Mbadwa ya Bidayuh komanso woyang'anira dipatimenti yosungiramo zinthu zakale ku Sarawak Museum Bambo Mohammad Sherman Sauffi William adati kumvetsetsa zamasikuwa kudadziwika ndi mbiri yapakamwa ya a Bidayuh omwe ali ndi udindo wosunga malowa lero.
"A Bidayuh amakumbukira ntchito ya Gua Sireh ngati pothaŵirapo pa nthawi ya ziwawa za m'madera kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1800 pamene mfumu yankhanza kwambiri ya ku Malawi inawauza kuti apereke ana awo," adatero.
"Iwo anakana ndikubwerera ku Gua Sireh, komwe poyamba adagwira gulu lankhondo la 300 lomwe likuyesera kulowa m'phanga kuchokera m'chigwa pafupi mamita 60 pansi.
"Pokumana ndi zotayika zina (awiri a Bidayuh adawomberedwa ndipo asanu ndi awiri adatengedwa akaidi / akapolo), adapulumutsa ana awo pamene ambiri a fukoli adathawa kudzera mumsewu womwe uli kuseri kwa chipinda chachikulu chomwe chimadutsa mamita mazana ambiri kudutsa paphiri la miyala ya miyala ya Gunung Nambi.
"Ziwerengerozo zidajambulidwa zitakhala ndi zida zapadera monga Pandat yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito pomenya nkhondo kapena kuteteza, komanso Parang Ilang, zida ziwiri zazifupi zomwe zidagwiritsidwa ntchito pankhondo zomwe zidawonetsa zaka makumi angapo zaulamuliro wa azungu ku Borneo."
Kafukufukuyu adasindikizidwa koyamba m'magazini MITU YOYAMBA. Ogasiti 23, 2023.
