Sizinthu zonse zopanga ulemerero. Ena amalephera, pomwe ena amamwalira mwatsoka. Nawa opanga khumi omwe adaphedwa ndizosiyana zomwe adapanga.
1 | Franz Reichelt
Wobadwa pa Okutobala 16, 1878, Reichelt adasamukira ku Paris ku 1898 kuchokera ku Wegstädtl, ku Kingdom of Bohemia. Anayamba bizinesi yopanga zovala yomwe inkasamalira kwambiri anthu aku Austria ndipo idachita bwino. Atamva nkhani zakufa pakati pa akatswiri oyendetsa ndege ndi ma ndege, adayamba kupanga mapangidwe a parachute. Mabungwe oyendetsa ndege amulepheretse kupitiliza ntchito yake, koma sizinamulepheretse kupitanso patsogolo.
Reichelt adayesa zoyesayesa zambiri koma osalephera kuti atsimikizire kuti zomwe adapanga ndizofunikira. Ndipo pa 4 February, 1912, ataloledwa kugwira parachuti yake pa Eiffel Tower, akudumpha kuchokera pa nsanja yoyamba ya nsanjayo. Komabe, suti yake ya parachuti idalephera kutumiza, zomwe pamapeto pake zimamupangitsa kuti aphedwe. Tsiku lotsatira, nkhani zonena za "wopanga mosasamala" inali mutu wankhani. Pambuyo pake, autopsy adatulutsidwa, kuwulula kuti Reichelt adamwalira ndi vuto la mtima nthawi yakugwa.
2 | Max Valier
Wobadwa pa February 9, 1895, ku Bolzano, Italy, Valier adaphunzira sayansi ya ukachenjede ku University of Innsbruck ndipo adaphunzitsidwa zaukadaulo pafakitale yapafupi. Anagwira ntchito yoyendetsa ndege pa nthawi ya nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse. Nkhondo itatha, adakhala wolemba bwino wokhudzana ndi sayansi. Atawerenga buku lotchedwa "The Rocket into Interplanetary Space," adaganiza zopatula nthawi yake kuti apange maulendo oyenda ndi rocket.
Mu 1928, Valier adagwira ntchito ndi Fritz von Opel popanga magalimoto ndi ndege zogwiritsa ntchito roketi pagawo lachiwiri lachitukuko cha ntchito yake. Koma mgawo lachitatu, ngozi ku Berlin idathetsa moyo wake pomwe roketi yomwe idathiridwa mowa idaphulika pa benchi yake yoyeserera. Ngakhale atamwalira, Valier adakumbukiridwabe kumudzi kwawo ngati m'modzi mwa akatswiri odziwika bwino asayansi m'chigawo chake.
3 | Sylvester H. Roper
Roper anali wolemba ku America ndipo woyamba kuyambitsa kupanga magalimoto oyambirira ndi njinga zamoto ku Boston, Massachusetts. Adapanga imodzi mwamagalimoto oyambilira mu 1863, galimoto yonyamula nthunzi. Roper steam velocipede ayenera kuti anali njinga yamoto yoyambirira. Anapanganso mfuti yotsamwa komanso mfuti yobwereza.
Roper adakwanitsa kupanga injini zabwino zomwe pamapeto pake zidamupangitsa kukhala wotchuka pakati paopanga ena ndi mainjiniya m'derali. Pa Juni 1, 1896, atakwera chimodzi mwazithunzi zake, adawoneka wosakhazikika kenako adagwera munjirayo ndipo adapezeka atamwalira ali ndi bala pamutu. Atafufuza thupi lake adawonetsa kuti zomwe zimamupha chifukwa cha kulephera kwa mtima.
4 | Alexander Bogdanov
Alexander Bogdanov anali dokotala waku Russia, wafilosofi, wolemba zopeka zasayansi komanso wosintha mtundu wa ku Belarus yemwe adayesera magazi, kuyesa kukwaniritsa unyamata wosatha kapena kukonzanso pang'ono. Adamwalira mu 1928, atatenga magazi a wophunzira yemwe adadwala malungo ndi chifuwa chachikulu, yemwe mwina anali mtundu wolakwika wamagazi.
5 | A Thomas Midgley Jr.
Midgley anabadwira ku Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania, pa Meyi 18, 1889. Abambo ake nawonso anali opanga. Anamaliza maphunziro awo ku Yunivesite ya Cornell ndi digiri yaukadaulo wamakina. Midgley adayamba kugwira ntchito ku General Motors mu 1916 ndipo adazindikira kuti mafuta akawonjezeredwa ndi tetraethyllead, amaletsa phokoso losafunikira pakuwotcha kwamkati kwama injini. Kenako mankhwalawo amatchedwa "Ethyl." Mu 1923, adatenga tchuthi kuti adzichiritse poyizoni wazitsulo.
Midgley adagwira nawo gawo lofunikira pakupanga mafuta oyenda ndi freon. Ngakhale zinthu zonsezi zidaletsedwa chifukwa chakusokonekera kwachilengedwe komanso kuwopsa kwaumoyo, adapatsidwa ziphaso zoposa 100 pantchito yake yonse. Ali ndi zaka 51, anadwala poliyo yomwe inamulepheretsa kwambiri. Adamwalira chifukwa chodzinyenga pomwe malingaliro omwe adapanga kuti adzikweza pabedi adakodwa.
6 | Marie Curie
Marie Sklodowska Curie adabadwira ku Warsaw, Poland, mchaka cha 1867. Iye anali wasayansi komanso katswiri wamagetsi yemwe adayamba kafukufuku wapa radioactivity. Anapatsidwanso Mphotho zambiri za Nobel. Marie Curie adapeza zinthu ziwiri, polonium (yotchedwa dziko lakwawo) ndi radium. Adakhazikitsa Curie Institute ku Paris ndi Warsaw. Pankhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse lapansi, adapanga mayunitsi ama X-Rays. Kutaya nthawi yayitali kuchokera ku radiation mwina ndikomwe kumamupangitsa kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi komwe pamapeto pake kumamupangitsa kuti afe mu 1 ku France.
7 | Karel Soucek
Soucek anali wochita masewera olimbitsa thupi ku Canada. Adachita zaphokoso ku Niagara Falls ku 1984 ndikugwiritsa ntchito mbiya yopangidwa mwanjira yomwe idakulungidwa mumtsinje wa Niagara mapazi 1000 pamwamba pa mathithi a mathithi pomwe anali mkati. Patapita kanthawi, Soucek adatuluka m'madzi akutuluka magazi koma anali wotetezeka. Chifukwa cha kupambana kwake, adaganiza zomanga nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale ku Niagara Falls, Ontario, yomwe idzawonetse zida zake zodabwitsazi.
Mu 1985, adayimba pamwamba pa Houston Astrodome pomwe adatsekedwa mu mbiya yake pamtunda wa 180 pansi pa Astrodome. Mbiyayo idatulutsidwa molawirira kwambiri, ndipo idayamba kupota pomwe idagwera pansi m'malo mofikira pakati pa thankiyo lamadzi. Soucek anavulala kwambiri ndipo pamapeto pake adamwalira pomwe chiwonetsero cha Astrodome stunt chikuyendabe.
8 | William Bullock
Bullock anali wolemba waku America yemwe adathandizira kukonza makina osindikizira omwe amafunikira kuthamanga kwambiri komanso kuchita bwino. Pogwira ntchito yosindikiza pamanja yosindikiza pamanja mu 1853, adabwera lingaliro lomwe lidamupangitsa kuti apange makina osindikizira otchedwa Web rotary. Kupanga kwake kunapangitsa kuti mipukutu ikuluikulu yamapepala izidyetsedwa mosavuta kudzera pazodzigudubuza zomwe zimachotsa njira yodyetsera manja.
Pa Epulo 3, 1867, pomwe Bullock anali kusintha kwa makina ake atsopano omwe adaikiratu nyuzipepala ya Philadelphia Public Ledger Newspaper, mwendo wake udagwidwa ndimakina poyesa kukankha lamba woyendetsa. Pambuyo pake, adamwalira pa opaleshoni kuti adule mwendo wake.
9 | Luis Jiménez
Luis Jimenez kapena Luis A. Jiménez, Jr. anali ziboliboli zaku America zochokera ku Mexico. Adabadwa pa Julayi 30, 1940, ku El Paso, Texas. Mu June 2006, Luis Jiménez adaphedwa ali ndi zaka 65 pomwe adapanga chifanizo chotchuka cha Colorado kavalo wabuluu, Blue Mustang, pomwe gawo lina lidagwera pa iye ndikudula mtsempha wamiyendo.
10 | Michael Dacre
Dacre ndiye adayambitsa Avcen Limited yomwe idapanga ndege yabata yomwe imatha kunyamuka ndikufika patali, AVCEN Jetpod. Kuthamanga kwambiri kwa jet pod kumayenera kukhala 550 km / h ndipo kumangofunika mita 125 kuti inyamuke kapena kutera. Idzalola kuti timisewu tokometsera timangidwe pafupi ndi likulu la mizinda ikuluikulu, ndipo popeza adaipanga ngati ndege yodekha, siziwoneka pamwamba pamsewu wamagalimoto. Pa Ogasiti 16, 2009, Dacre adangokhala ndi mtundu womaliza. Pambuyo poyesa kwake kwachinayi kuti anyamuke, adakweza ndegeyo, koma idagundika, ndikumupha.
11 | Francis Edgar Stanley
Francis Edgar Stanley anali wabizinesi waku America yemwe adalemba patenti kabrashi koyamba kamene kamakongoletsa zithunzi. Situdiyoyo inali imodzi mwazikulu kwambiri ku New England, ndipo mapasa ake adamuphatikizira. Komabe, patadutsa zaka zingapo adatopetsa ndikusintha pakukula kwamagalimoto. Adakhazikitsa Stanley Motor Carriers Company yomwe imamanga Stanley Steamer. Mu 1918, akuyenda pa Wenham, Massachusetts, galimoto yake idagwera pamtengo pomwe ankayesetsa kupewa ngolo zapamtunda zoyenda mmbali mwa msewu zomwe zidamupha.
12 | Henry Winstanley
Henry Winstanley anamanga nyumba yoyatsa nyali yoyamba pa Eddystone Rocks ku Devon, England pakati pa 1696 ndi 1698. Pa nthawi ya Great Storm ya 1703 nyumba yowunikirayo idawonongedweratu ndi Winstanley ndi amuna ena asanu mkati. Palibe chomwe chidapezeka.
13 | Andrey Zheleznyakov
Andrei Zheleznyakov, wasayansi waku Soviet, akupanga zida zamankhwala mu 1987 pomwe vuto lake lidamuwonetsa zomwe zimayambitsa mitsempha ya Novichok 5. Anakhala milungu ingapo ali chikomokere, miyezi akulephera kuyenda, komanso zaka akudwala asanamwalire mu 1992.
14 | Thomas Andrews
Thomas Andrews, Jr. anali wabizinesi waku Britain wobadwa ku Britain komanso wopanga zombo. Anali woyang'anira wamkulu komanso wamkulu wa dipatimenti yolemba ntchito ku kampani yopanga zombo Harland ndi Wolff ku Belfast, Ireland. Monga womanga zankhondo woyang'anira pulani ya RMS Titanic, anali kuyenda m'ngalawayo paulendo wake woyamba pomwe sitimayo inagunda madzi oundana pa 14 Epulo 1912. Adafa mwadala pamodzi ndi ena oposa 1,500. Thupi lake silinapezekenso.
15 | Henry Smolinski
Smolinski anali atamaliza maphunziro awo ku Northrop Institute of Technology pasukulu yopanga zinthu zachilengedwe. Anayambitsa kampani ndi Harold Blake, Advanced Vehicle Engineers (AVE) ku Van Nuys, Los Angeles, California, omwe amapanga ndege zoyenda. Adapanga mitundu yamagalimoto / ndege yosakanizidwa yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito gawo lakumbuyo kwa Cessna Skymaster ndi Ford Pinto. Akufuna kugwiritsa ntchito ndege ndi injini zamagalimoto kunyamuka zomwe zingafupikitse mpukutuwo. Mu 1973, pomwe a Smolinski ndi a Blake adayendetsa ndegeyo paulendo woyesa ndege ku Camarillo, chingwe chakumanja chakumanja chidachotsedwa ku Pinto, ndikupangitsa ngozi yamoto. Onse adamwalira pangoziyo.
16 | Horace Lawson Hunley
Katswiri wa zamadzi a Confederate komanso wopanga sitima yapamadzi yoyamba yomenyera nkhondo, Horace Lawson Hunley adamwalira mu 1863, ali ndi zaka 40, poyesa chotengera chake. Poyesa kuyerekezera masitima apamadzi, omwe anali atavulala kale, Hunley adalamulira. Atalephera kuyambiranso, Hunley ndi ena asanu ndi awiriwo adamira. Asitikali apamadziwo adapulumutsa sitima yapamadzi ija ndikuyiyambiranso.
17 | Valerian Abakovsky
Valerian Abakovsky adapanga Aerowagon, njanji yoyesera yothamanga kwambiri yokhala ndi injini ya ndege ndi zoyendetsa; cholinga chake chinali kunyamula akuluakulu aku Soviet Union. Pa 24 Julayi 1921, gulu lotsogozedwa ndi Fyodor Sergeyev lidatenga Aerowagon kuchokera ku Moscow kupita nawo kumabwalo a Tula kuti akayese, ndi Abakovsky nawonso. Adafika bwino ku Tula, koma panjira yobwerera ku Moscow, Aerowagon idayenda mwachangu, ndikupha onse omwe anali m'bwalomo, kuphatikiza Abakovsky (ali ndi zaka 25).
18 | Harry K. Daghlian, Jr. Ndi Louis Slotin
Asayansi ena omwe adagwira ntchito yopanga bomba la atomu ku Los Alamos adamwalira ndi ma radiation, kuphatikiza a Harry K. Daghlian, Jr. (mu 1945) ndi a Louis Slotin (mu 1946), omwe onsewa adapatsidwa mankhwala owopsa a radiation mosiyana Ngozi zowopsa zomwe zimakhudza gawo lomweli la plutonium.
