Nthano ya zimphona monga anthu oyamba okhala m'maiko ndi nthano wamba yomwe imagawidwa ndi zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana padziko lonse lapansi. Ambiri amakhulupirira kuti zimphona nthawi ina zinkayendayenda padziko lapansi pamene ena sakhutira ndi moyo wodabwitsawu. Sayansi imavomereza zimphona koma kupyolera mu njira ina yotchedwa 'gigantis'. Ndipo ndizowonanso kuti akatswiri ofukula zakale sanavomereze kapena kupeza zotsalira za zomwe zimatchedwa 'zimphona zakale'. Koma kodi izi ndi zoona?
Mu March 2012, nkhani yochititsa chidwi inafalitsidwa ndi kope la ku Germany la Bild lomwe linanena kuti mabwinja a chimphona chinapezeka m'dera la Egypt. Chinali chala chophwanyika cha cholengedwa chofanana ndi munthu, koma choposa kukula kwake.
Chala chachikulu cha Aigupto
Chala chachikulu cha Aigupto chimafika masentimita 38 m'litali. Poyerekeza kukula, pali chikalata chandalama pafupi nacho. Malinga ndi zomwe adafalitsa, zithunzizi ndi za 1988, koma zidaperekedwa koyamba, kuphatikizira, ku nyuzipepala yaku Germany iyi.
Zithunzi izi zidatengedwa ndi wazamalonda waku Switzerland komanso wokonda mbiri yakale ya Egypt wakale, a Gregor Spoerri. Malinga ndi iye, mu 1988 m'modzi mwa ogulitsa mabungwe ku Egypt adalonjeza kuti adzakonzekera msonkhano ndi wakuba m'manda akale. Msonkhanowo unachitikira m'nyumba yaying'ono ku Bir Hooker, makilomita zana kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Cairo. Anawonetsa Spoerri chala chokutidwa ndi nsanza.
Malinga ndi Spoerri, chinali chikwama chonunkhira bwino, chokhala ngati oblong, ndipo zomwe zidali mkati mwake zinali zodabwitsa. Spoerri analoledwa kugwira chidacho, komanso kujambula zithunzi zochepa chifukwa adawalipira $ 300. Poyerekeza, adayika pafupi ndi ndalama yapa banki ya mapaundi 20 aku Egypt. Chala chinali chowuma kwambiri komanso chopepuka. Spoerri adazindikira kuti ndizosatheka, cholengedwa chomwe amayenera kukhala chikuyenera kukhala pafupifupi 5 mita (pafupifupi 16.48ft) kutalika.
Kuti atsimikizire zowona, wowombera manda m'modzi adawonetsa chithunzi cha X-Ray chala chomwe chidatengedwa mu 60s. Chikalata chotsimikizira zomwe anapezazo chinali cha msinkhu womwewo. Spoerri anamupempha kuti agulitse zinthuzo, koma wakubayo anakana, ponena kuti mtengo wake unali wofunika kwambiri kwa banja lake. Kunena zoona, chinali chuma cha banja lake. Chifukwa chake, Spoerri adayenera kuwuluka kuchokera ku Egypt wopanda kanthu.
Pambuyo pake Spoerri adawonetsa zithunzi izi kwa oimira nyumba zosungiramo zinthu zakale zosiyanasiyana, koma adangomugwedeza. Malingana ndi Spoerri, onse adanena kuti chala sichikugwirizana ndi ziphunzitso zamakono.
Mu 2009, Spoerri adayenderanso Bir Hooker kuti akapezenso chala chachikulu cha amayi. Koma mwatsoka sanapeze woukira manda uja. Nthawi yonseyi, Spoerri ankaphunzira mwakhama za zimphona zakale.
Kodi zimphona zinalidi ku Igupto wakale?
Mu 79 AD, wolemba mbiri wachiroma a Josephus Flavius adalemba kuti omaliza omaliza mtundu wa zimphona adakhalako m'zaka za zana la 13 BC, nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Mfumu Joshua. Analembanso kuti anali ndi matupi akuluakulu, ndipo nkhope zawo zinali zosiyana ndi anthu wamba kotero zinali zodabwitsa kuziyang'ana, ndipo zinali zowopsa kumvera mawu awo okweza ngati mkango.
Chala chachikulu cha ku Aigupto chinalimbikitsa Spoerri kulemba buku
Zomwe anapezazi zidakhudza kwambiri Spoerri. Mu 2008, adasiya ntchito ndikuyamba kulemba buku lokhudza zimphona, ndipo posakhalitsa adatulutsa bukulo lotchedwa "Mulungu Wotayika: Tsiku Lachiweruzo." Ndi nkhani yosangalatsa yonena za Spoerri. Amanenanso kuti sanalembere mwachindunji zomwe apezazo m'njira yasayansi, kupatsa owerenga mwayi wosankha zomwe angaganize pankhaniyi.
Kodi n’zoona kuti kale kwambiri, zimphona zinkakhala pa Dziko Lapansi?
Ngakhale asayansi akhala akuchita upainiya kuti anthu omwe amafika mamita 20 kapena kuposerapo ndi nthano, ndipo ngakhale m'mbuyomu palibe umboni wakuti ma hominins anali atatalika kwambiri kuposa masiku ano, zinthu zina zodabwitsa zomwe zapezedwa zimadzutsa funso lalikulu. Pansipa pali zina mwazinthu zachilendo zomwe zimapambana kumvetsetsa kwathu kwanthawi zonse.
Zimphona za New York
Mu 1871, akatswiri ofukula mabwinja pa malo oikidwa m’manda a ku America anafukula mafupa aakulu 200., ena amatalika mpaka 9 ft. Zikuonekanso kuti zotsalirazo zikhoza kukhala zaka 9,000 zapitazo. Panthawiyo, kupezeka kwa zotsalirazi kunali kofala kwambiri m'manyuzipepala; koma lero, zotsalirazo zasowa. Palibe amene akudziwa kumene ali.
Mapazi akulu akulu
M'modzi wodziwika kwambiri Giant Footprints anapezeka kunja kwa Mpuluzi, South Africa. Inapezedwa zaka 100 zapitazo ndi mlenje wina, ndipo anthu akumaloko anaitcha “mapazi a Mulungu.” Kusindikiza kwake ndi 1.2 metres kutalika, ndipo ngati thupi lonse likanakhala lolingana ndi phazi, chimphona chomwe chinachipanga chikanakhala pakati pa 24-27 ft utali. Zikuoneka kuti kusindikiza kungakhale paliponse kuyambira 200 miliyoni - zaka 3 biliyoni.
Padziko lonse lapansi, pakhala pali mapazi ofanana omwe amapezeka mumwala wakale. Ku San Hose, mtunda wa mamita 2.5 unapezedwa pafupi ndi famu yakomweko (chilichonse chomwe chidapanga chikanadutsa ngakhale chimphona chochokera ku Mpuluzi); mumzinda womwewo, mtunda wina wa mamita 1.5 unapezedwa pathanthwe.
Mu August 2016, ku Guizhou, ku China, anatulukira mayendedwe angapo, ndi kusindikiza kulikonse pafupifupi 2 mapazi utali, ndipo indented pafupifupi 3cm mu thanthwe lolimba. Asayansi amawerengera kuti chilichonse chomwe chimapanga prints chiyenera kukhala chopitilira 13 m'litali.
Mu 1912, chidutswa chotalika mamita 4 chidafukulidwa ku South Africa, chomwe chidalembedwa zaka zopitilira 200 miliyoni. Chilichonse chomwe chinapangidwa ndi umunthu chiyenera kukhala chopitilira 27 mita kutalika. Mapazi ofanana adapezeka m'nkhalango ya Lazovsky, Russia.
Zimphona za Death Valley
Mu 1931, dokotala wotchedwa F. Bruce Russell anapeza mapanga ndi tunnel ku Death Valley, ndipo adaganiza zowafufuza ndi Daniel S. Bovey. Zomwe poyamba ankaganiza kuti ndi phanga laling'ono linakhalapo pamtunda wa makilomita 180. Chimodzi mwa zinthu zoyamba zomwe anapeza chinali mtundu wina wa holo yamwambo kapena yachipembedzo yokhala ndi zilembo zachilendo. Koma chachilendo, chinali kupezeka kwa mafupa aatali a 9ft a humanoid.
Nkhani yake inali Choyamba chinalembedwa m'nyuzipepala ya San Diego mu 1947. Mitemboyi idadulidwa ndipo akuti idakhala zaka pafupifupi 80,000. Komabe, nkhaniyo inazimiririka mwamsanga, pamodzi ndi mabwinja a chiphonacho.
Zimphona za Wisconsin
Asayansi akukhalabe chete mwaukali za mtundu wa zimphona zotayika zomwe zidapezeka m'manda ena pafupi ndi Nyanja ya Delavan ku Wisconsin mu Meyi 1912. Monga momwe ananenera mu New York Times 4 Meyi 1912, mafupa 18 omwe abale a Pearson adapeza, adawonetsa zachilendo zingapo ndi zozizwitsa. Kutalika kwawo kunali kotalika 7.6 - 10 mapazi, ndipo zigaza zawo ndizazikulu kwambiri kuposa za anthu ena onse okhala ku America lero. Amakonda kukhala ndi mano awiri, mitu yolumikizidwa, zala 6, zala 6, ndipo monga anthu amabwera m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Iyi ndi imodzi mwa nkhani zambiri za mafupa akuluakulu omwe amapezeka ku Wisconsin.
Zimphona za Lovelock Cave
Kuchokera ku 2,600 BC mpaka pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1800, Lovelock Cave ku Nevada amayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mtundu wa anthu ofiira ofiira, zimphona zodya anzawo. Mu 1911, a James Hart ndi a David Pugh anali ndi ufulu wokumba ndikugulitsa guano - yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mfuti masiku amenewo - kuchokera kuphanga la Lovelock. Adangopita mapazi pang'ono kuphanga pomwe adapeza mtembo wamunthu 6ft 6 ”wamtali. Thupi lake linali losindikizidwa, ndipo tsitsi lake linali lofiira kwambiri. Anapeza mitembo ina yambiri yofanana, koma ochepa anali mainchesi 8-10. Panalinso zidindo zazikulu zazikulu zophatikizika m'makoma amphanga.
Kutsiliza
Pamapeto pake, zikuwonekeratu kuti Chala Chachimphona cha ku Egypt chilibe maziko kapena maziko kupatula zithunzi ndi zonena zomwe Gregor Spoerri adalemba. Komabe, pali nkhani zina zambiri zosonyeza kupezedwa kwa mabwinja a zimphona zakale. Ndi nkhani zonsezi, mafunso amene atsala ndi awa: Kodi iwo ali kuti tsopano? Kodi maziko awo enieni a mbiri yakale ali kuti? N’chifukwa chiyani olemba mbiri, amene amayesa kukumba zinthu zakale zoletsedwa zimenezi, amatchedwa akatswiri a mbiri yakale? Kumbukirani kuti anthu anzeru nthaŵi ina anaika Galileo m’gulu la anthu anzeru onyenga oterowo. Kodi ife tiri olondola kotheratu ponena za chidziwitso chathu cha mbiri yakale?
