Pa mtunda wa makilomita 4,000 upita kukafika kumapiri a Andes ku Peru, ndipo kumakhala anthu a Chachapoya, otchedwanso "Ankhondo Amphamvu Mumitambo."
Palibe chidziwitso choyambirira kapena chosiyana cha ma Chachapoyas. Zambiri mwa zomwe timadziwa zokhudza chikhalidwe cha Chachapoyas zimachokera pa umboni wofukulidwa m'mabwinja, mabwinja, manda, ndi zinthu zina.
Umodzi mwa mizinda yotchuka kwambiri ya Chachapoya uli pamtunda wa mamita 3,000 ndipo ukuwonetsa kuti nzika zake zinali zomanga zazikulu ndipo mwina zimalamulira ufumu waukulu. Radiocarbon (Carbon-14) imawunikiranso kuchuluka kwa zomangamanga mpaka 800 AD, kupatula khomo lalikulu lolowera 500 AD.
Ku America konse, palibe zomangamanga zofanana, koma pali zofanana pakati pa anthu achi Celtic aku Europe, makamaka m'malo akale achi Celtic ku Galicia. Magaza ena a Chachapoya amawonetsa umboni kuti akuwathandizirapo, omwe odwala adapulumuka. Mchitidwe wa opaleshoniyi unkadziwika kale ku Mediterranean komwe amafotokozedwa mozungulira 500 BC, ndipo zigaza za Celtic zapezeka m'malo aku Austria.
Ufumu wa a Chachapoya udali kum'mawa kwa Peru, kutali ndi gawo laulamuliro wa Inca. Ngakhale maliro awo amkachitika m'nyumba, mwambo wogawana ndi Aselote, amawaikanso m'mapiri a mapiri otsetsereka, ndipo asiya zojambula za anthu atavala zipewa kumutu. Aselote ankayimiliranso milungu yawo ndi zisoti zofananira.
Nyengo yamderali imabweretsa mphepo zamkuntho zomwe zimayambitsa kugumuka kwa nthaka komwe kumatha kukwirira mizinda yomwe inali m'zigwa, pachifukwa chomwe a Chachapaya adasankha kumanga pamwamba pa mapiri. Nthawi yamvula yamkuntho, manda okwana 2,800 m adapezeka ndipo akatswiri ofukula zakale adakwanitsa kupulumutsa mitembo yopitilira 200 yomwe idapulumuka mkuntho ndi kubedwa.
Kufufuza kwa mafupa kwawonetsa kuti a Chachapoyas ambiri adadwala matenda monga chifuwa chachikulu, chomwe nthawi zonse chimaganiziridwa kuti chidayambitsidwa ku America ndi aku Spain pambuyo pa Kupeza, koma izi zikuwonetsa kuti a Chachapoyas adadwala kale zaka mazana ambiri zapitazo. Izi zapangitsa kuganiza kuti a Chachapoyas anali mbadwa za anthu aku Europe omwe adafika ku America zaka mazana ambiri Columbus asanachitike.
Ndipo anali anthu ankhondo, mafupa ambiri akuwonetsa kuti adamwalira chifukwa chophwanya zigaza ndipo adafa mwankhanza. Ndipo zida zawo zankhondo zodziwika bwino zakuukira kuchokera patali anali ma gulaye, osiyana kwambiri ndi omwe amapezeka ku Inca gawo la Peru koma ofanana kwambiri ndi ma Celtic slings azilumba za Balearic.
Wowombera wa Balearic, ngwazi yapadziko lonse lapansi pakuwombera gulaye, amayang'ana choponyera cha Chachapoya ndikunena kuti ndizofanana ndi zoponyera zachi Balearic.
Makhalidwe a Chachapoyas
Ena mwa mbadwa za a Chachapoyas amakhala ndi mawonekedwe omwe amawasiyanitsa ndi mafuko ena a Amazonia kapena Inca. Amakhala ndi khungu lowala ndipo ambiri amakhala ofiira kapena atsitsi lofiira, mosiyana ndi mawonekedwe amkuwa ndi tsitsi lakuda la mafuko ena onse aku South America. Ena mwa ofufuza oyamba aku Spain adawonapo kale kusiyana kumeneku komwe kunapangitsa a Chachapoyas kukhala ofanana kwambiri ndi azungu kuposa aku South America.
Zitsanzo za mate kuchokera kwa ana omwe ali ndi mikhalidwe iyi adasanthula ku Molecular Genetic Institute ku Rotterdam. Ngakhale ma genome awo ambiri ndi ochokera ku South America, ena amakhala ndi mitundu 10 mpaka 50% ya ma Celt, makamaka ochokera ku England ndi Galicia.
Kodi ana a Chachapoyas ochokera m'mafuko achi Celtic adakwera zombo zaku Carthagine zomwe zidadutsa nyanja ya Atlantic pothawa gulu lankhondo lachi Roma?
Ngakhale pali maumboni angapo omwe akusonyeza kuthekera uku, chowonadi ndichakuti palibe umboni wotsimikizika. Mwinamwake maphunziro atsopano ofukula mabwinja kapena majini atsimikizira izi, koma akatswiri ena ofukula zakale ndi akatswiri a Chachapoyas amakhulupirira kale.
