The Blue People of Kentucky - banja lochokera m'mbiri ya Ketucky omwe amabadwa makamaka ali ndi vuto losabadwa komanso lachilendo lomwe limapangitsa kuti zikopa zawo zisanduke buluu.
Kwa zaka pafupifupi mazana awiri, "anthu akhungu labuluu am'banja la Fugate" amakhala m'malo a Troublesome Creek ndi Ball Creek kumapiri akum'mawa kwa Kentucky. Pambuyo pake adadutsa mawonekedwe awo apadera kuchokera ku mibadwomibadwo, otsalira kwambiri kudziko lina. Amadziwika kuti "Blue People of Kentucky."
Nkhani ya Blue People of Kentucky
Pali nkhani ziwiri zofananira za munthu woyamba wa Blue Skinned m'banja laku Kentucky. Komabe, onsewa amatchula dzina lomweli, "Martin Fugate" kukhala woyamba Blue Skinned munthu komanso kuti anali wobadwa ku France yemwe anali wamasiye ali mwana ndipo pambuyo pake adakhazikitsa banja lake pafupi ndi Hazard, Kentucky, ku United States.
M'masiku amenewo, dziko lino lakum'mawa kwa Kentucky linali dera lakumidzi komwe banja la Martin ndi mabanja ena apafupi amakhala. Kunalibe misewu, ndipo njanji sikanafika kuderalo mpaka kumayambiriro kwa ma 1910. Chifukwa chake, kukwatirana pakati pa mabanja kunali chizolowezi chofala pakati pa anthu okhala mdera lakutali la Kentucky.
Nkhani ziwirizi zimabwera ndi kufanana koma kusiyana kokha komwe tidapeza ndikulandila kwawo komwe kwatchulidwa mwachidule pansipa:
Nkhani yoyamba ya Blue People of Kentucky
Nkhaniyi ikuti Martin Fugate adakhalako chakumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la khumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi yemwe adakwatirana ndi a Elizabeth Smith, mayi wochokera kufuko lapafupi lomwe a Fugates adakwatirana naye. Amanenedwa kuti ndi wotuwa komanso woyera ngati laurel wamapiri yemwe amamasula nthawi iliyonse masika mozungulira mayenje komanso anali wonyamula vutoli. Martin ndi Elizabeth adakhazikitsa nyumba m'mphepete mwa Zovuta ndikuyamba banja lawo. Mwa ana awo asanu ndi awiri, anayi akuti anali a buluu.
Pambuyo pake, a Fugates adakwatirana ndi a Fugates ena. Nthawi zina amakwatira azibale awo komanso anthu omwe amakhala pafupi nawo kwambiri. Banja linapitilizabe kuchulukana. Zotsatira zake, mbadwa zambiri za a Fugates adabadwa ndi matenda amtundu wabuluu ndipo adapitiliza kukhala m'malo ozungulira Troublesome Creek ndi Ball Creek mzaka za zana la 20.
Nkhani yachiwiri ya Blue People of Kentucky
Pomwe, nkhani ina imati panali anthu atatu otchedwa Martin Fugate mumtundu wa Fugates Family. Pambuyo pake adakhala pakati pa 1700 ndi 1850, ndipo munthu woyamba kukhala ndi khungu lamtambo wabuluu anali wachiwiri yemwe adakhala kumapeto kwa zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chitatu kapena 1750 pambuyo pake. Anakwatirana ndi Mary Wells yemwenso anali wonyamula matendawa.
Munkhani yachiwiriyi, a Martin Fugate omwe atchulidwa m'nkhani yoyamba yomwe amakhala kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la khumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi ndipo adakwatirana ndi Elizabeth Smith sanali munthu wakhungu labuluu konse. Komabe, mawonekedwe a Elizabeth amakhalabe ofanana, popeza anali wonyamula matendawa omwe atchulidwa munkhani yoyamba, ndipo nkhani yachiwiri yonseyi ikufanana ndendende ndi nkhani yoyamba ija.
Kodi nchiyani chomwe chidachitikira anthu akhungu labuluu aku Troublesome Creek?
A Fugates onse adakhala modabwitsa zaka 85-90 popanda matenda kapena vuto lina lililonse kupatula vuto lamtundu wabuluu lomwe limasokoneza moyo wawo. Iwo anali kwenikweni manyazi za kukhala buluu. Nthaŵi zonse m'mabowo munali malingaliro onena za chomwe chinapangitsa anthu abuluu kukhala amtundu wabuluu: matenda amtima, matenda am'mapapo, kuthekera koperekedwa ndi wokalamba wina kuti "magazi awo ali pafupi kwambiri ndi khungu lawo." Koma palibe amene ankadziwa, ndipo madotolo samakonda kuyendera madera akumidzi komwe ambiri mwa "Blue Fugates" amakhala mpaka m'ma 1950.
Apa ndipamene a Fugates awiri adapita kwa Madison Cawein III, wachichepere katswiri wa zamagulu kuchipatala cha University of Kentucky panthawiyo, kufunafuna mankhwala.
Pogwiritsa ntchito kafukufuku yemwe adapeza kuchokera m'maphunziro ake am'mbuyomu a Anthu akutali a Alaskan Eskimo, Cawein adatha kunena kuti a Fugates anali ndi matenda obadwa nawo obwera chifukwa cha magazi omwe amachititsa kuchuluka kwa methemoglobin m'magazi awo. Matendawa amatchedwa Methemoglobinemia.
Methemoglobin ndi mtundu wabuluu wosagwira ntchito wamapuloteni ofiira a hemoglobin omwe amanyamula mpweya. M'mayiko ambiri aku Caucasus, hemoglobin yofiira yamagazi yomwe ili m'matupi mwawo imawonekera kudzera pakhungu lawo ndikuwapatsa utoto wa pinki.
Pakufufuza kwake, methylene buluu anatulukira kwa Cawein ngati mankhwala "omveka bwino". Ena mwa anthu abuluu amaganiza kuti dotolo anali wowonjezerapo pang'ono ponena kuti utoto wabuluu ungawasandutse pinki. Koma Cawein adadziwa kuchokera ku kafukufuku wakale kuti thupi lili ndi njira ina yosinthira methemoglobin kubwerera mwakale. Kuyigwiritsa ntchito kumafunikira kuwonjezera m'magazi chinthu chomwe chimakhala ngati "wopereka ma elekitironi." Zinthu zambiri zimachita izi, koma Cawein adasankha methylene buluu chifukwa imagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino komanso mosamala nthawi zina komanso chifukwa imagwira ntchito mwachangu.
Cawein adayika aliyense mwa anthu akhungu labuluu ndi mamiligalamu 100 a methylene buluu, zomwe zidachepetsa zizindikiritso zawo ndikuchepetsa utoto wabuluu pakhungu lawo mphindi zochepa. Kwa nthawi yoyamba m'miyoyo yawo, anali pinki ndipo anali okondwa. Ndipo Cawein anapatsa banja lililonse labuluu mapiritsi a methylene buluu kuti amwe ngati piritsi tsiku lililonse chifukwa mankhwalawa amakhala osakhalitsa, chifukwa methylene buluu imatuluka mumkodzo. Cawein pambuyo pake adafalitsa kafukufuku wake mu Archives of Internal Medicine (Epulo 1964) mu 1964.
Chakumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 20, kuyenda kumayamba kukhala kosavuta komanso mabanja amafalikira m'malo ambiri, kufalikira kwa jini yochulukirapo mwa anthu amderalo kunachepa, ndipo mwayi wopeza matendawa.
Benjamin Stacy ndiye mbadwa yomaliza ya Fugates yemwe adabadwa mu 1975 ali ndi mtundu wabuluu uwu wa Blue Family waku Kentucky ndipo adataya khungu lake labuluu akamakula. Ngakhale lero a Benjamin komanso mbadwa zambiri za Fugate ataya mtundu wawo wabuluu, utoto wake umatulukabe pakhungu lawo akakhala ozizira kapena owawa ndi mkwiyo.
Dr. Madison Cawein wajambula nkhani yokwanira ya momwe a Fugates adatengera matenda a khungu la buluu, atanyamula mtundu wa methemoglobinemia (met-H) kuchokera ku mibadwomibadwo, ndipo adachita bwanji kafukufuku wake ku Kentucky. Mutha kuphunzira zambiri za nkhani yodabwitsa imeneyi Pano.
Milandu ina yofananira
Panali milandu ina iwiri yamunthu wakhungu labuluu chifukwa cha methaemoglobinaemia, yotchedwa "amuna abuluu a Lurgan". Iwo anali amuna awiri a ku Lurgan omwe anali ndi vuto lotchedwa "banja idiopathic methaemoglobinaemia", ndipo adathandizidwa ndi Dr. James Deeny mchaka cha 1942. Deeny adalemba mankhwala a ascorbic acid ndi sodium bicarbonate. Pachiyambi choyamba, pofika tsiku lachisanu ndi chitatu la chithandizo panali kusintha kwakukulu, ndipo pofika tsiku la khumi ndi awiri la chithandizo, mawonekedwe a wodwalayo anali abwinobwino. Mlandu wachiwiri, mawonekedwe a wodwalayo adafika pachimake pamankhwala opitilira mwezi umodzi.
Kodi mumadziwa kuti kupitirira siliva kumatha kupanganso khungu lathu kukhala lotuwa kapena buluu ndipo ndiwowopsa kwa anthu?
Pali vuto lotchedwa Argyria kapena argyrosis. Chizindikiro chodabwitsa kwambiri cha Argyria ndikuti khungu limasanduka labuluu-lofiirira kapena lofiirira.
Mwa nyama ndi anthu, kumeza kapena kupumira siliva mochuluka kwanthawi yayitali nthawi zambiri kumapangitsa kuti pang'onopang'ono pakhale mankhwala a siliva m'malo osiyanasiyana amthupi omwe angapangitse madera ena akhungu ndi ziwalo zina za thupi kukhala imvi kapena imvi.
Anthu omwe amagwira ntchito m'mafakitale omwe amapanga zinthu zasiliva amathanso kupuma siliva kapena mankhwala ake, ndipo siliva amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zina zamankhwala chifukwa chodana ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Komabe, Argyria siyomwe imawopseza moyo ndipo imatha kuchiritsidwa kudzera mumankhwala. Koma kumwa mopitirira muyeso kwamtundu uliwonse wamankhwala kumatha kupha kapena kutha kuwonjezera mavuto azaumoyo kotero tiyenera kukhala osamala nthawi zonse kuchita chilichonse chonga ichi.
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