Manda a Mfumu Tutankhamun (c. 1336-1327 BC) ndi odziwika padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa ndi manda achifumu okhawo ochokera ku Chigwa cha Mafumu omwe adapezeka ali osalimba. Kupezedwa kwake mu 1922 ndi Howard Carter kunali mitu yankhani padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo anapitiriza kutero pamene zinthu zagolide ndi zinthu zina zapamwamba zopezeka m’mandamo zinali kutulutsidwa. Manda ndi chuma chake ndizojambula za ku Egypt, ndipo kupezeka kwa manda kumawerengedwa kuti ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri zofukulidwa zakale mpaka pano.
Ngakhale kuti manda a Tutankhamun, nambala 62 m'Chigwa cha Mafumu, ndi odzichepetsa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi manda ena omwe ali pamalo ano, kukula kwake ndi kukongoletsa. Izi ndizotheka chifukwa Tutankhamun adabwera pampando wachifumu ali wamng'ono kwambiri, ndipo ngakhale kulamulira kwa zaka khumi zokha. Munthu angadabwe kuti manda aakulu kwambiri a mafumu amphamvu kwambiri a Ufumu Watsopano, monga Hatshepsut, Thutmose III, Amenhotep III, ndi Ramesses II anali ndi chuma chotani.
Makoma a chipinda choikamo maliro okha ndi amene amanyamula chokongoletsera chilichonse. Mosiyana ndi manda ambiri am'mbuyomu komanso pambuyo pake, omwe amakongoletsedwa bwino ndi zolemba zamaliro monga Amduat kapena Book of Gates, zomwe zidathandiza mfumu yakufayo kuti ifike pambuyo pa imfa, chithunzi chimodzi chokha chochokera ku Amduat chimayimiridwa m'manda a Tutankhamun. Kukongoletsa kotsala kwa manda kumawonetsa maliro, kapena Tutankhamun ali ndi milungu yosiyanasiyana.
Kuchepa kumeneku kwa manda a Tutankhamun (KV62) kwadzetsa malingaliro ambiri. Pamene woloŵa m’malo mwake, mkulu wa Ay, anafa, anaikidwa m’manda (KV23), amene mwina poyamba anali ku Tutankhamun, koma amene anali asanamalizidwebe panthaŵi ya imfa ya mfumu yachichepereyo. Mtsutso womwewu wapangidwanso pamanda a wolowa m'malo wa Ay, Horemheb (KV57). Ngati ndi choncho, sizikudziwika kuti manda a Tutankhamun, KV62, adajambula kwa ndani, koma adatsutsidwa kuti analipo kale, kaya ngati manda achinsinsi kapena malo osungiramo zinthu, omwe adakulitsidwa kuti alandire mfumu.
Kaya chifukwa chake chinali chotani, kukula kochepa kwa mandako kunkatanthauza kuti zinthu zaluso pafupifupi 3,500 zimene zinapezeka mkatimo zinali zomangika molimba kwambiri. Izi zimasonyeza moyo wa nyumba yachifumu, ndipo zinaphatikizapo zinthu zomwe Tutankhamun akanagwiritsa ntchito pa moyo wake wa tsiku ndi tsiku, monga zovala, zodzikongoletsera, zodzoladzola, zofukiza, mipando, mipando, zidole, zotengera zopangidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana, magaleta, ndi zida. .
Manda akale a Tutankhamun adapezeka mwalamulo mu 1922 koma kuyambira pamenepo, akatswiri ayesa kufotokoza momveka bwino zinthu zambiri zomwe zidapezeka posakhalitsa.
Mwachitsanzo, tatengerani zinthu zonse zakale zimene zinafukulidwa m’mandamo. Nthawi zambiri, sangawoneke ngati apadera monga momwe farao wina aliyense adazunguliridwa ndi zinthu zachilendo, koma palibe chomwe chili chachilendo ngati awa, kunena pang'ono.
Tangoyang'anani mphete yachilendo iyi yomwe inavumbulutsidwa pafupi ndi mutu wa Farao wamng'ono. Zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga ndizodabwitsa koma ngakhale zachilendo kuposa zomwe ndi cholengedwa chodabwitsa cha humanoid chomwe chikuwonetsedwa.
Pazifukwa zina, mu dziko la sayansi, amakhulupirira kuti mulungu Ptah akuwonetsedwa pa izo - pamene kumbuyo kwa mpheteyo pali mawu akuti Amon-Ra (Sun God, mulungu wamkulu wa Aigupto akale).
Akatswiri a ku Egypt omwe adavumbulutsa adanena kuti zonsezi zinali kusamvetsetsana chifukwa uku ndi chithunzi chabe cha Ptah, mulungu wakale wa Aigupto, koma sichimalongosola mlendo wake wachilendo wowoneka ngati palibe zithunzi zina za Mulungu wa Aigupto zomwe zimafanana ndi izi. kuyambira pomwe.
Mpheteyi imanenedwa kuti idachokera ku 664-322 BC monga momwe tikudziwira ndipo mulungu wakale Ptah akuti adakhala padziko lathu lapansi zaka zikwi zisanu mpaka khumi ndi zisanu zapitazo.
Mulimonsemo, cholengedwa chomwe chikuwonetsedwa pa mpheteyo ndi chosangalatsa kwambiri ndipo mwachiwonekere chiri ndi chiyambi chosadziwika - mwa njira, mu nthano za Aigupto, milungu inali ndi chiyanjano cholunjika ku cosmos. Ndipo Afarao adatsika kuchokera kwa milungu yakuthambo. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, malinga ndi magwero ambiri akale, mbiri ya mafumu a ku Igupto inayamba zaka masauzande ambiri, kuposa momwe akatswiri a mbiri yakale amakono amakhulupirira.
Ndizodabwitsa kuti mulungu wojambulidwa pa mpheteyo wagwira m'manja mwake ndodo yamulungu yokhala ndi zamatsenga. Amakhulupirira kuti antchito oterowo amatha kuwongolera nyengo, kuswa miyala ndikuchita zozizwitsa zina zambiri - ndipo mwina zinali zida zapamwamba kwambiri.
Mphete imeneyi yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito m’mikangano yambiri kutsimikizira kuti Aigupto akale ankagwirizana kwambiri ndi zamoyo zakuthambo za m’nthawi yawo, chifukwa kwenikweni ankalambira zolengedwazi monga Milungu panthawiyo.
Mphete iyi imasungidwa ku Walters Museum ku Baltimore (USA). Malinga ndi kufotokozera patsamba la nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale, idagulidwa mu 1930 ku Cairo.
