Antarctica imadziŵika chifukwa cha malo ake ovuta komanso ozizira kwambiri, ndipo kutentha kumatsika pansi kwambiri. Komabe, zomwe zili pansi pa ayezi zingakudabwitseni. Mu September 2017, asayansi anaulula kuti pangakhale dziko lachinsinsi la nyama ndi zomera zomwe zimakhala m'mapanga ofunda pansi pa madzi oundana a ku Antarctica.
Mapanga amenewa apangidwa chifukwa cha kutentha kwa mapiri ophulika pansi pa madzi oundana, zomwe zimapanga malo otsetsereka m’malo owumawo. Kutulukira kumeneku kwadzetsa chimwemwe pakati pa asayansi pamene kukusonyeza kuti pangakhale zamoyo zosadziŵika zimene zikukhala m’malo amene moyo unalingaliridwa kukhala zosatheka.
Phiri la Erebus ndi phiri lachiwiri lotentha kwambiri ku Antarctica, pambuyo pa phiri la Sidley, komanso phiri lophulika lomwe lili kum'mwera kwambiri padziko lapansi. Ndi malo okwera mamita 3,684, ili pachilumba cha Ross, chilumba chopangidwa ndi mapiri anayi ophulika mu Nyanja ya Ross. Yakhala ikugwira ntchito kwa zaka pafupifupi 1.3 miliyoni.
Maphanga, omwe anatsekeredwa ndi nthunzi kuchokera kumapiriwo, ndi opepuka ndipo amatha kutentha mpaka madigiri 25 Celsius (77° F), ofufuza atero, zomwe zikuwonjezera kuthekera kwa chilengedwe chonse cha zomera ndi zinyama pansi pa malo oundana.
Mapanga awa adafufuzidwa panthawi yofufuza mozama motsogozedwa ndi a University of Australia. Kufufuza kwazambiri zamdothi kuchokera m'mapanga kunawonetsa chidwi cha DNA kuchokera ku algae, mosses, ndi nyama zazing'ono. Ngakhale kuti DNA yambiri inali yofanana ndi mosses, algae, ndi invertebrates zomwe zimapezeka kwina kulikonse ku Antarctica, sizinthu zonse zomwe zingadziwike bwino.
Pakati pa DNA yosadziwika bwino yomwe idapezedwa pamalo ophulika, chofananira chomwe asayansi apeza ndi arthropods. Gulu la nyamazi lili ndi zigoba zakunja ndi miyendo yolumikizana ndipo ili ndi mitundu yopitilira XNUMX miliyoni yodziwika bwino, kuyambira nkhanu mpaka centipedes mpaka tinthu tating'onoting'ono.
Zojambulajambula zapezeka kwina kulikonse ku Antarctica, kuphatikiza pazigawo za nthaka yomwe imapanga 0.3 peresenti (kapena kuchepera) ya Antarctica yomwe ilibe madzi oundana. M’zigawo zimenezi, moyo umayenera kulimbana osati ndi kuzizira koopsa komanso kuuma koopsa. Ngakhale gawo lalikulu la kontinentili lili ndi ayezi wokhuthala mpaka ma kilomita 3, madera amkati mwa Antarctica amalandira mvula pafupifupi mainchesi awiri (5 centimeters) - makamaka chipale chofewa - chaka chilichonse.
Koma ngakhale kuti kuli mikhalidwe yoipa kwambiri yomwe ili kutali ndi gombe lake, ku Antarctica kuli zinthu zambiri zamoyo zomwe zili mu ayezi zomwe asayansi akufufuzabe.
“Timaganiza za Antarctica ngati chipululu,” anatero wofufuza wamkulu Ceridwen Fraser. "Koma ngakhale m'malo ovuta kwambiri, moyo umayenda bwino m'malo odabwitsa - pamiyala pamwamba pa mapiri, m'munsi mwa madzi oundana a m'nyanja, m'zipululu zouma - bwanji osateronso m'mapanga ofunda, ochereza, otsekeredwa ndi nthunzi pakati pa ayezi. ndi thanthwe?”
Ku East Antarctica, Nyanja ya Vostok yaikidwa pansi pa madzi oundana okwana 2.3 miles (3.7 kilometers) ndipo sinakhalepo pafupi ndi mpweya kwa zaka pafupifupi 15 miliyoni. Zitsanzo zomwe zinatengedwa m'nyanjayi mu kafukufuku wosagwirizana nazo zinatulutsa ma genetic a mitundu yodziwika bwino yokwana 3,507, malinga ndi kafukufuku wa 2013, komanso mitundu pafupifupi 10,000 yomwe sinadziwikebe ndi sayansi. Asayansi apezanso mitundu yolimba ya mabakiteriya mkati mwa madzi amchere amchere omwe amapezeka ku McMurdo Dry Valleys ku Antarctica., zomwe zimawonetsa kugwa kofiira ngati magazi kwa kutuluka kwachitsulo.
Zomwe DNA zatulukira pa Phiri la Erebus zingangoimira kachigawo kakang'ono ka zamoyo zosiyanasiyana zomwe zili m'mapanga ake oundana ophulika. Ku Antarctica kuli mapiri ophulika opitirira 100, omwe amatha kukhala ndi mapanga ndi ngalande za madzi oundana.
Pomaliza, ku Antarctica kungakhale kovuta kufika ndikufufuza, koma palinso malo ovuta kwambiri. Asayansi ambiri amakhulupirira kuti kumvetsetsa zamoyo ndi madera ake m'malo ovuta kwambiri a Antarctica kungathandize kudziwa momwe moyo ungathere m'malo owopsa kwambiri - monga Mars.
Kafukufukuyu adasindikizidwa koyamba m'magazini Polar Biology. Ogasiti 17, 2017.
