Amelia Earhart, mpainiya wachikazi woyendetsa ndege m'zaka za m'ma 1930, adachita chidwi ndi dziko lonse ndi maulendo ake oyendetsa ndege komanso zomwe adachita bwino kwambiri. Anali woyendetsa ndege woyamba kuwuluka payekha kuwoloka nyanja ya Atlantic, zomwe zidamupangitsa kukhala wolemekezeka kwambiri wa US Distinguished Flying Cross. Chilakolako cha Amelia paulendo wa pandege chinalimbikitsa akazi ambiri, ndipo adathandizira kwambiri kupanga bungwe la oyendetsa ndege achikazi.
Komabe, kutchuka kwake kunayima momvetsa chisoni pa July 2, 1937, pamene iye ndi woyendetsa ndege yake, Fred Noonan, adasowa pamene ankayesa kuzungulira dziko lonse lapansi. M'nkhaniyi, tikufufuza tsatanetsatane wokhudzana ndi kutha kwa Amelia Earhart, kufufuza malingaliro osiyanasiyana, kufufuza umboni, ndi kuwunikira pa kufufuza kosalekeza kwa mayankho.
Kuthawa ndi mphindi zomaliza za Amelia Earhart
Amelia Earhart ndi Fred Noonan anayamba ulendo wawo wofunika kwambiri pa May 20, 1937, kuchokera ku Oakland, California. Cholinga chawo chinali kuzungulira dziko lapansi ndi ndege, ndikukhazikitsa mbiri yatsopano ya mbiri ya ndege. Anatsatira njira ya kum’maŵa, akudutsa dziko la United States ndi kupitiriza kutsata equator. Pa July 1, 1937, ananyamuka ku Lae, ku New Guinea, n’kupita ku chilumba cha Howland, kumene ankapitako. Komabe, aka kanali komaliza kuwonedwa ali ndi moyo.
Mavuto okhudzana ndi kulankhulana adayambika panthawi yothawa, pamene Earhart ndi Noonan ankavutika kuti akhazikitse mauthenga a wailesi. Ngakhale kumva ena mwa mauthenga osokonekera a Earhart, zidakhala zovuta kumasulira zomwe zili. Kutumiza komaliza komwe adalandira kuchokera kwa Earhart kunawonetsa kuti akuwuluka motsatira mzere wa malo omwe Noonan adawerengera, ndikudutsa pachilumba cha Howland. Pamene ntchito yowafufuza inayamba, panali patadutsa ola limodzi kuchokera pamene anatumizidwa komaliza.
Asilikali a ku United States Coast Guard ndi Navy anayambitsa ntchito yaikulu yosaka, kuyendayenda m'madzi ozungulira Howland Island ndi Gardner Island yoyandikana nayo. Tsoka ilo, ngakhale zida zofunikira komanso nthawi yoperekedwa pakusaka, palibe tsatanetsatane wa Amelia kapena Fred yemwe adapezekapo. Pa January 5, 1939, Amelia Earhart analengeza kuti wamwalira mwalamulo.
Malingaliro pa Kutha kwa Amelia Earhart
Kwa zaka zambiri, ziphunzitso zambiri zakhala zikufotokozera zakusowa kwachinsinsi kwa Amelia Earhart ndi Fred Noonan. Tiyeni tifufuze mwatsatanetsatane mfundo zina zodziwika bwino.
Lingaliro I: Kugwidwa ndi kuphedwa kwa Japan
Nthanthi imodzi imasonyeza kuti Earhart ndi Noonan anapatuka n’kukatera pachilumba cha Saipan, chomwe chili m’nyanja ya Pacific. Malinga ndi nkhani zina, iwo anagwidwa ndi kuphedwa ndi Japanese Navy. Mboni zingapo zimati zinawona ndege ya Amelia ili m'manja mwa akuluakulu a asilikali ku Saipan pa nthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse. Msilikali wina, Thomas Devine, anamva asilikali akutsimikizira kuti ndegeyo inali ya Amelia. Anaona ndegeyo ikuuluka pamwamba ndipo analemba manambala ake, omwe amafanana ndi ndege za Amelia.
Pambuyo pake Devine adanena kuti Asilikali adawononga ndege yake poyatsa moto. Msilikali wina, Bob Wallack, adanena kuti anapeza chikwama chokhala ndi zikalata za Amelia, kuphatikizapo pasipoti yake. Komabe, zochitika zomwe zimaganiziridwazi zimakhalabe zosatsimikizirika, ndipo mtunda wapakati pa njira ya Saipan ndi Earhart yowuluka umadzutsa kukayikira za chiphunzitsochi.
Chiphunzitso II: Kuwonongeka ndi kumira
Chiphunzitso china chovomerezedwa ndi anthu ambiri chimasonyeza kuti ndege ya Earhart inatha mafuta pafupi ndi chilumba cha Howland, zomwe zinachititsa kuti pakhale ngozi ndi kumira m'nyanja ya Pacific. Ofufuza akukhulupirira kuti mapu olakwika, mavuto a kampasi, ndi kusintha kwa mphepo kunapangitsa kuti ndegeyo igwere pafupifupi mailosi makumi atatu ndi asanu kumadzulo kwa chilumba cha Howland.
Ochirikiza chiphunzitsochi amatsutsa kuti kukula kwa nyanja ya Pacific ndi kuya kwakukulu kumapangitsa kukhala kovuta kwambiri kupeza zowonongeka za ndege. Ngakhale kufufuza kwakukulu pogwiritsa ntchito luso lapamwamba la pansi pa madzi, palibe umboni wotsimikizirika umene wapezeka wochirikiza chiphunzitsochi.
Lingaliro lachitatu: Kutera pachilumba cha Gardner
Lingaliro lomveka likunena kuti Earhart ndi Noonan anafika pachilumba cha Gardner, chomwe masiku ano chimatchedwa Nikumaroro. Amakhulupirira kuti adatha kutera ndegeyo pamtunda pafupi ndi sitima yonyamula katundu yomwe inasweka, ndipo adatumiza mauthenga apawailesi kuchokera pachilumbachi. Kukwera kwa mafunde ndi kusefukira mwina kunasesa ndegeyo m'mphepete mwa matanthwe, ndikusiya Earhart ndi Noonan atakhazikika pa Nikumaroro.
Asitikali ankhondo aku United States adawulukira pachilumba cha Gardner patangotha sabata imodzi atazimiririka ndikuwonetsa zizindikiro zakukhalako posachedwa. Mu 1940, mkulu wina wa atsamunda a ku Britain anapeza mafupa aakazi ndi bokosi la sextant pa kampu yapang'ono yomwe ili kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa chilumbachi. Miyezo ya mafupa ndi kupezeka kwa zinthu zaumwini zimasonyeza kuti zotheka kugwirizana ndi Amelia Earhart.
Komabe, zotsalira ndi bokosi la sextant zasowa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosatheka kudziwa bwino lomwe. Kufufuza kosalekeza ndi kusanthula zidutswa za mafupa, zinthu zakale, ndi DNA zikuchitidwa kuti ziwonetsere zambiri pa chiphunzitso cha Gardner Island.
Kupitiliza kufufuza
Kufuna kuvumbulutsa chinsinsi chakusowa kwa Amelia Earhart kukupitilirabe mpaka pano. International Group for Historic Aircraft Recovery (TIGHAR) yakhala patsogolo pakuyesa kupeza umboni weniweni. Pofufuza mayankho, TIGHAR watero anachita kuyerekeza kwapansi pamadzi, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti apeze zida za ndege zomwe zingachitike m'munda wa zinyalala pafupi ndi Nikumaroro. Kachidutswa kakang'ono ka aluminiyamu komwe kamapezeka pachilumbachi kadziwika ngati chigamba kuchokera ku fuselage ya Earhart's Lockheed Electra. Izi zachititsa chidwi komanso kufufuza kwina kwa madzi ozungulira Nikumaroro.
Kufufuza malo omalizira a Amelia Earhart sikungofuna mbiri yakale komanso kuyamikira mzimu wake waupainiya ndi zomwe adakwaniritsa m'moyo wake. Kuzimiririka kwa chithunzi cha ndegeyi kwasangalatsa dziko lapansi kwazaka zambiri, ndipo kusaka kosalekeza kumayesetsa kutseka nkhani yomwe yachititsa chidwi mibadwo yambiri.
Pomaliza (mwachidule)
Kusowa kwa Amelia Earhart kumakhalabe chimodzi mwazo zinsinsi zazikulu kwambiri zosathetsedwa m'mbiri ya ndege. Malingaliro ozungulira tsogolo lake amasiyanasiyana, kuyambira kugwidwa ndi kuphedwa ndi Gulu Lankhondo Lapamadzi la Japan mpaka kugwa ndi kumira mu Pacific Ocean kapena kutera pa chilumba cha Gardner. Ngakhale kuti chiphunzitso cha kuwonongeka ndi kuzama chikuvomerezedwa kwambiri, chiphunzitso cha Gardner Island chimapereka kufotokoza kowonjezereka kothandizidwa ndi umboni monga kutulukira kwa mafupa aakazi ndi zinyalala za ndege. Kafukufuku wopitilira komanso kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo kukupitiliza kuwunikira zovuta izi, ndipo kufunafuna malo opumira a Amelia Earhart kukupitilirabe. Dziko lapansi likuyembekezera mwachidwi tsiku lomwe chowonadi chomwe adazimiririka chidzawululidwa, kulemekeza cholowa chake ngati woyendetsa ndege.
