Alexander the Great anali mfumu ya ufumu wakale wachi Greek wa Makedoniya m'zaka za zana la 4 BC. Amakumbukiridwa bwino kwambiri chifukwa cha ndawala yake yayikulu kwambiri yankhondo, yomwe idatenga nthawi yayitali muulamuliro wake, ndipo idapangitsa kuti pakhale umodzi mwa maufumu akulu kwambiri padziko lapansi. Popanda kugonja m’nkhondo, ulamuliro wa Alesandro m’kupita kwanthaŵi unayambira ku Greece mpaka kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa India mpaka kukafika kumpoto chakum’maŵa kwa Afirika.
Mkati mwa nkhondo yake yankhondo ku Asia ndi Africa, Alexander Wamkulu adachitira umboni ― ndipo adapangadi ― zinthu zambiri zazikulu ndi zoopsa. Kugwa kwa mizinda ndi maufumu, "kupha" kwa anthu "onse", ngakhale ― ngati malipoti akuyenera kukhulupiriridwa ― chinjoka!
Mu 330 B.C.E., Alexander Wamkulu atalanda dziko la India, anabweretsanso malipoti oti anaona chinjoka chachikulu cholira n’kukhala m’phanga, chimene anthu ankachilambira ngati milungu.
Mmodzi mwa ankhondo a Alexander Wamkulu, dzina lake Onesicritus, ananena kuti mfumu ya ku India Abisarus ankasunga njoka zautali wa mamita 120 mpaka 210. Olamulira achi Greek omwe adatsatira akuti adabweretsa zinjoka zamoyo kuchokera ku Ethiopia.
Pamene Alexander anagwetsa madera ena a India mu chipwirikiti ndi kutenga ena anakumana pakati pa nyama zina zambiri Njoka imene inkakhala mu mphanga ndipo ankaona kuti yopatulika ndi Amwenye amene anapereka ulemu waukulu ndi zikhulupiriro.
Motero, Amwenye anachita zonse zotheka kuchonderera Alexander kuti asalole aliyense kuukira Njoka; ndipo adawavomereza zofuna zawo. Tsopano pamene asilikali ankadutsa pafupi ndi mphanga ndi "zinapangitsa phokoso", Njoka inazindikira zimenezi nthawi yomweyo. Iwo ali, inu mukudziwa, ndi “makutu akuthwa kwambiri ndi maso kwambiri kuposa nyama zonse”.
Akuti chilombocho chinatulutsa mutu wake m’phangamo ndi “Anakaza ndi kukonkha mwamphamvu kotero kuti onse anachita mantha ndi kuthedwa nzeru”. Ndipo ndithudi, molingana ndi kufotokoza kwa Aelianus, cholengedwacho chikanakhala chowopsya kuchiwona.
Mbali yowoneka ya njoka yokha “ananenedwa kuti analemera mikono 70”, nkhwawa yofanana ndi mamita 32 kapena mamita 105 m’litali. Thupi lake lalikululo linatsala m’phangamo.
“Mulimonse mmene maso ake akunenedwa kukhala aakulu ngati chishango chachikulu chozungulira cha ku Makedoniya.”
―Aelianus, Pa Chikhalidwe cha Zinyama, Buku #XV, Chaputala 19-23, c.210-230.
Njoka yaukali kwambiri padziko lonse, yotchedwa King Cobra, ndi imodzi mwa nyama zoterezi zomwe zimayendayenda m'nkhalango za ku India. Njoka zazikulu zimatha kukula pakati pa atatu ndi asanu m'litali. Ngakhale ukhoza kukhala utali wochititsa mantha kwa wina aliyense, komabe, si waukulu kwambiri ngati "njoka yaikulu" yomwe Alexander ndi amuna ake anakumana nayo. Poganizira zimenezo, kodi mfumu yakaleyo inakumana ndi zotani mkati mwa ndawala yake ku India? Kodi anaona chinjoka?
