Kutulukira kwatsopano kungasinthe chilichonse chomwe tikudziwa za m'badwo wa chitukuko cha anthu, zitukuko zotsogola zidalipo zaka miliyoni zapitazo ndikupanga nyumba yayikulu kwambiri kuposa nyumba zonse zomwe zidawonedwapo.
Ngakhale ofufuza ambiri ndi akatswiri padziko lonse lapansi akuvomereza kuti chitukuko cha anthu chidayamba zaka 10,000 mpaka 12,000 zapitazo, pali zopezedwa zambiri zomwe zikusonyeza zakale zosiyana kwambiri. Komabe, zambiri zopezeka modabwitsa izi zimawerengedwa kuti ndizosatheka chifukwa zimasintha mbiri yathu yolembedwa.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, ofufuza ambiri ayamba kuyang'ana mbiriyakale yachitukuko Padziko Lapansi ndi malingaliro otseguka. Mmodzi mwa ofufuzawa mosakayikira ndi Dr. Alexander Koltypin, katswiri wa sayansi ya nthaka komanso mkulu wa Natural Science Research Center ku Moscow Independent University of Ecology and Politology ku Moscow.
Pazaka zambiri zomwe adachita, Dr. Koltypin adasanthula nyumba zingapo zakale zapansi panthaka, makamaka ku Mediterranean, ndikuwona kufanana pakati pawo, zomwe zidamupangitsa kuti akhulupirire kuti amalumikizidwa mwanjira ina.
Koma chodabwitsa kwambiri ponena za malowa ndikuti mawonekedwe owoneka bwino a geological adamupangitsa kuti akhulupirire kuti nyumba zazikuluzikuluzi zidamangidwa ndi chitukuko chotsogola chomwe chimakhala Padziko Lapansi zaka zapitazo.
Akatswiri ofufuza zinthu zakale omwe amagwira ntchito m'derali nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi malowa poyang'ana malo omwe amakhala kapena pafupi. Koma malowa adangomangidwa pazomwe zidaliko kale, adatero Koltypin.
Kulemba patsamba lake Koltypin anati:
“Titafufuza nyumbazi… palibe aliyense wa ife ngakhale kwakanthawi adakayikira kuti nyumbazi ndizakale kwambiri kuposa mabwinja a mizinda ndi mizinda ya Akanani, Afilisiti, Chiheberi, Roma, Byzantine ndi Roma. mizinda ina ndi midzi yomwe ndi madeti ake. ”
Paulendo wake wopita ku Mediterranean, Koltypin adatha kulemba molondola zomwe zimapezeka m'malo osiyanasiyana akale, zomwe zidamuthandiza kuyerekezera kufanana kwawo ndi tsatanetsatane yemwe amafotokoza nkhani ina yodabwitsa; omwe adakanidwa mwamphamvu ndi akatswiri azikhalidwe.
Akuyenda pafupi ndi mabwinja a Hurvat Burgin ku Adullam Grove Nature Reserve mkatikati mwa Israeli, Koltypin adakumbukiranso zomwezo pomwe adakwera pamwamba pa mzinda wamiyala wa Cavusin ku Turkey. Pafupifupi kumva kwa Deja vu, Koltypin adati:
"Ndidatsimikiziranso ndekha kuti zidutswa zazing'ono zonse zinayi, zomanga pansi pa nthaka komanso zinyalala zomwe zidamwazika paliponse zidali - kapena zinali mbali ya - malo obisalira pansi omwe adagwa chifukwa cha kukokoloka," Iye anati.
Kukokoloka Ndi Mapangidwe Mapiri:
M'ntchito yake, Dr. Koltypin akuti si mbali zonse za malo akuluakulu omwe amakhala pansi panthaka. Ena ali pamwamba pamtunda ngati mzinda wakale wamwala wa Kapadokiya ku Turkey, womwe Koltypin umaphatikizaponso zovuta.
Koltypin akuyerekezera kuti zomwe zidasungidwa kumpoto kwa Israeli ndi chapakati ku Turkey zidawoneka pambuyo poti kukokoloka kwa mamitala mazana angapo.
"Malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwanga, kukokoloka kwakumtunda koteroko sikungapangike zaka zosakwana 500,000 mpaka 1 miliyoni," Koltypin adalemba patsamba lake.
Amaganiza kuti gawo lina la zovuta lidabweretsedwa pamwamba chifukwa cha mapiri a orogeny (mapangidwe amapiri).
Malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwake, pali umboni wotsimikizira kuti zomangamanga zomwe zimapezeka ku Antalya, Turkey, komwe Koltypin amatcha "Tsamba la Jernokleev," ali ndi zaka miliyoni, ngakhale akatswiri azikhalidwe amakana kuvomereza zaka, akuganiza kuti malowa adayambika ku Middle Ages.
Koltypin akuwonjezeranso kuti, chifukwa cha kutumphuka kwa dziko lapansi kwa zaka mazana ambiri, mbali zina zapansi panthaka zidalowa m'nyanja. Akuwonetsa kuti kufanana komwe kumawonedwa m'mabwinja ambirimbiri aumboni ndiumboni wa kulumikizana kwakukulu komwe kumapezeka m'malo akale omwe anali olumikizidwa ngati mbiri yakale.
Malinga ndi a Koltypin, miyala ingapo yamagaloni yolemera matani makumi khumi ikadalumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi malo apansi panthaka kale.
"Izi zidandipatsa chifukwa choyimbira nyumba zapansi panthaka ndi mabwinja okhudzana ndi malo okhala ndi zipilala ndi nyumba, ngati nyumba imodzi yapansi panthaka yapansi panthaka," alemba Koltypin patsamba lake.
Ponena za kuthekera kwaukadaulo kwa anthu akale, a Koltypin akuti miyala imakwanira bwino m'malo ena opanda simenti, ndipo kudenga, zipilala, zipilala, zitseko ndi zinthu zina zimawoneka kuti sizingagwire ntchito za amuna okhala ndi zisulo.
Kuphatikiza pachinsinsi chamasamba odabwitsa awa, a Koltypin akuti nyumba zomwe zimamangidwa m'malo ena ngati Aroma kapena zitukuko zina ndizachikale kwambiri poyerekeza ndi izi.
