Mawu akuti "Black Irish" amatanthauza anthu amtundu wa Ireland omwe ali ndi maonekedwe akuda, tsitsi lakuda, khungu lakuda, ndi maso akuda. Chodabwitsa n'chakuti mawuwa sagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri ku Ireland, koma adadutsa kwa zaka mazana ambiri pakati pa anthu othawa kwawo ku Ireland ndi mbadwa zawo.
M'mbiri yonse, dziko la Ireland lakhala likumenyedwa ndi mayiko osiyanasiyana. Cha m’ma 500 BC, Aselote anafika pachilumbachi. Ma Vikings adafika koyamba ku Ireland mu 795 AD ndikukhazikitsa Ufumu wa Norse wa Dublin mu 839 AD.
Pamene a Norman anafika mu 1171, Ufumu wa Dublin unatha. Pamene anthu a ku Normandy anayang’anizana ndi maufumu a Hiberno-Norse ku Ireland, chitaganya chinasintha pang’onopang’ono kukhala chimene tsopano chimatchedwa Norman Ireland.
Ma Vikings akadakhala ku Ireland nthawi yayitali kwambiri pakadapanda ngwazi yotchuka yaku Ireland Brian Boru, yemwe adalimba mtima kuthamangitsa ma Vikings, omwe amadziwikanso kuti adani akuda kapena alendo akuda. Mlendo amalembedwa kuti "ndulu," ndipo wakuda (kapena wakuda) amalembedwa kuti "dubh."
Mabanja ambiri a adaniwo adatenga mayina achi Gaelic kuphatikiza mawu awiri ofotokozerawa. Dzina lakuti "Doyle" limachokera ku liwu lachi Irish loti "O'Dubhghaill," kutanthauza "mlendo wakuda," kuwulula makolo awo ngati gulu lankhondo lomwe lili ndi zolinga zakuda.
Asilikali ankhondo a ku Spain anasweka ngalawa pafupi ndi gombe la Ireland mu 1588. Akadakhala pachilumbachi ndi kuyambitsa mabanja, chibadwa chawo chikanakhala chodutsa mibadwomibadwo.
Komabe, akatswiri a mbiri yakale amakhulupirira kuti ambiri mwa asilikali a ku Spain amenewa anagwidwa ndi kuphedwa ndi akuluakulu a boma la Britain, choncho aliyense amene anapulumuka n’zokayikitsa kuti akanakhudza chibadwa cha dzikolo.
Mazana a zikwi za alimi aku Ireland adasamukira ku America pa nthawi ya Njala Yaikulu ya 1845-1849. Chifukwa chakuti anapulumuka ku mtundu watsopano wa imfa yakuda imeneyi, anatchedwa “akuda.” Pambuyo pa njalayo, anthu ambiri a ku Ireland anathawira ku America, Canada, Australia, ndi mayiko ena.
M’zaka za m’ma 1800, ubale wapakati pa Ireland ndi Britain unasokonekera, zomwe zinayambitsa kusakhulupirirana. Boma la Britain silinapereke thandizo lokwanira pothetsa nkhanizo. Anthu a ku Britain ayenera kuti anagwiritsa ntchito mawu oti "Black" monyoza.
Ndizovuta kunena nthawi yomwe mawu oti "Black Irish" adawonekera koyamba, koma zikuwoneka kuti zochitika zingapo zakale ku Ireland zidathandizira kuti mawuwa awonekere. Monga taonera, pali ziphunzitso zambiri za mmene mawuwa anayambira.
N'zokayikitsa kuti "Black Irish" amachokera ku gulu laling'ono lachilendo lomwe linaphatikizidwa ndi Irish ndipo linapulumuka. Zikuwoneka kuti "Black Irish" ndi liwu lofotokozera osati chikhalidwe chobadwa nacho chomwe chagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magulu osiyanasiyana a anthu aku Ireland pakapita nthawi.
Cheddar Man
Mu 2018, akatswiri a genetics ku University College London ndi Natural History Museum adawulula kuti 'Cheddar Man' - mafupa a Mesolithic omwe adapezeka m'phanga la Somerset mu 1903 - anali ndi "khungu lakuda lakuda", maso abuluu ndi tsitsi lopiringizika.
Cheddar Man ― yemwe m'mbuyomu ankawonetsedwa kuti ali ndi maso a bulauni komanso khungu lopepuka - anali m'modzi mwa anthu oyamba kukhala ku UK kukhala kwawo, ndipo amagwirizana ndi pafupifupi 10 peresenti ya anthu amakono kumeneko.
Dan Bradley, pulofesa wa zachibadwa za anthu ku Trinity College Dublin, mu ntchito yogwirizana ndi National Museum of Ireland, Trinity adalemba zambiri kuchokera kwa anthu awiri aku Ireland omwe anakhalako zaka 6,000 zapitazo ― ndipo adapeza kuti ali ndi makhalidwe ofanana ndi a Cheddar Man.
"WachiIrish wakale kwambiri akanakhala wofanana ndi Cheddar Man ndipo akadakhala ndi khungu lakuda kuposa momwe tilili lero," adatero Prof Bradley.
"Tikuganiza kuti [anthu akale a ku Ireland] angakhale ofanana. Khungu lapano, lopepuka kwambiri lomwe tili nalo ku Ireland tsopano lili kumapeto kwa zaka masauzande okhala m'nyengo yomwe kulibe dzuwa. Ndiko kutengera kufunika kopanga vitamini D pakhungu. Zatenga zaka masauzande ambiri kuti zikhale monga zilili masiku ano.” - Prof Dan Bradley
Kafukufuku wamtsogolo adatsimikiziranso kuti, anthu a ku Ireland akale, osaka-osaka zaka 10,000 zapitazo, anali akhungu lakuda ndipo anali ndi maso abuluu. Ndiye, kodi zingatheke kuti mawu oti "Black Irish" adachokera ku 10,000 zapitazo?
