Zida mwala analenga theka la miliyoni zaka zimene tsopano Poland mwina anali ntchito ya zinatha hominid mitundu yotchedwa Homo heidelbergensis, ankaganiza kuti wotsiriza wamba kholo la Neanderthals ndi anthu amakono. M'mbuyomu, ochita kafukufuku sankadziwa ngati anthu adafika pakati pa Ulaya pofika nthawi ino m'mbiri, kotero kuti kutulukira kwatsopano kungapereke kuwala kwatsopano pa nthawi ya kukula kwathu kudera lonselo.
"Peopling of Central Europe by Middle Pleistocene hominids ndi yotsutsana kwambiri, makamaka chifukwa cha nyengo yovuta komanso zachilengedwe zomwe zimafuna kusintha kwa chikhalidwe ndi thupi," fotokozani olemba a kafukufuku watsopano pa zinthu zakale. Makamaka, amawona kuti umboni wa kukhalapo kwa anthu kumpoto kwa mapiri a Carpathian panthawiyi ndi wosowa kwambiri, makamaka chifukwa cha zovuta zomwe anthu akale akadakumana nazo poyesa kuwoloka.
Zida zomwe zingasinthe nkhaniyi zinapezeka kuphanga la Tunel Wielki, kumpoto kwa Kraków. Poyamba, phangalo linafukulidwa m’ma 1960, ndipo phangali lili ndi zinthu zimene anthu ankakhalako zomwe poyamba zinkaganiziridwa kuti zinali zosaposa zaka 40,000.
Komabe, ataona kuti nyama zina zotsalira mkati mwa mphanga zimawoneka ngati zaka mazana masauzande, akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale adaganiza zobwerera ku malowa mu 2018. Kukumba mozama m'nthaka kusiyana ndi zomwe zinafukulidwa kale, ochita kafukufuku anapeza zigawo za sediment. umene unali ndi mafupa a nyama zimene zinalipo zaka 450,000 mpaka 550,000 zapitazo.
Zina mwa izo zinali nyama zazikulu zingapo zomwe zatha, kuphatikizapo "The Lycaon lycaonoides wamkulu" - mtundu waukulu wa galu wamtchire womwe unasowa kuchokera ku Central Europe zaka 400,000 zapitazo. Zilombo zina zoopsa zakale monga jaguar wa ku Eurasian, nkhandwe ya Mosbach, ndi mtundu wina wa chimbalangondo chapaphanga chotchedwa Ursus deningeri zonse zinapezeka kuti zinakhala m'phanga panthawiyi.
Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri, komabe, ofufuzawo adapeza zinthu 40 zamwala mkati mwa matope omwewo, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti zida izi zidapangidwa munthawi yomweyi m'mbiri. Choncho, msinkhu wawo umasonyeza kuti mwina anapangidwa ndi H. heidelbergensis, yomwe inatenga malo ena ku Ulaya panthawiyi.
Komabe, ngakhale kuti malo ena oyandikana nawo a anthu kuyambira nthawiyo anali malo otseguka, awa ndi oyamba kukhala mkati mwa mphanga.
"Tidadabwa kuti zaka theka la miliyoni zapitazo anthu m'derali adakhala m'mapanga, chifukwa amenewo sanali malo abwino kwambiri omangapo," adafotokozera wolemba kafukufuku Małgorzata Kot m'mawu ake. “Chinyezi ndi kutentha kochepa zingafooketse zimenezo. Kumbali ina, mphanga ndi malo achilengedwe. Ndi malo otsekedwa omwe amapereka chidziwitso cha chitetezo. Tinapeza zizindikiro zomwe zingasonyeze kuti anthu omwe anakhala kumeneko ankagwiritsa ntchito moto, womwe mwina unathandiza kuchepetsa malo amdima ndi amvulawa. "
Ngakhale kuti zomwe anapezazi zikusonyeza kuti anthu adalowadi ku Carpathians pafupifupi zaka 500,000 zapitazo, Kot adanena kuti mwina sakanatha kukhala ndi moyo kumalo okwera kwambiri kuposa Tunel Wielki. “N’zokayikitsa kuti anapita cha kumpoto,” Iye anafotokoza. "Mwina tili kumapeto kwenikweni kwa kupulumuka kwawo."
Ofufuzawa tsopano akuyembekeza kutsimikizira malingaliro awo mwa kupeza mafupa a H. heidelbergensis pamalo a Tunel Wielki. Tsoka ilo, sanathebe kuzindikira ma hominid omwe amakhala mkati mwa mphanga chifukwa ma genetic omwe ali nawo sanapulumuke.
Phunzirolo linasindikizidwa mu magazini ya Scientific Reports. Werengani buku la nkhani yoyambirira
