Kukhalapo kwa zomera kungayambike zaka pafupifupi 470 miliyoni zapitazo. Amaonekera m’mitundu yambirimbiri, monga mmene masamba ake amaonekera, mmene nthambi zake zimakulira, ndiponso mmene maluwa ake amaonekera. Komabe, njira ina yadodometsa kwambiri asayansi.
Ma Spirals otchedwa Fibonacci spirals ndi mawonekedwe apadera omwe amapezeka kawirikawiri m'chilengedwe, ndipo makamaka muzomera. Chitsanzochi chinatchedwa Leonardo Fibonacci, katswiri wa masamu wa ku Italy amene anayambitsa ndondomeko ya Fibonacci m’zaka za m’ma 13.
Kwa nthawi yaitali, asayansi akhala akukhulupirira kuti Fibonacci spirals ndi khalidwe lakale kwambiri la zomera. Komabe, kafukufuku waposachedwapa wofalitsidwa m'magaziniyi Science amatsutsana ndi lingaliro lomwe lakhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali.
Zomwe zapezazi zikuwonetsa kuti kupangidwa kwa masamba kukhala mizere yosiyana, yomwe ili yofala m'chilengedwe masiku ano, sikunali kofala muzomera zakale kwambiri zomwe zidakhala padziko lapansi.
M’malo mwake, zomera zakalezo zinapezeka kuti zili ndi mtundu wina wa zozungulira. Izi zimatsutsa chiphunzitso chomwe chakhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali chokhudza kusinthika kwa masamba ozungulira masamba, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti zidasintha m'njira ziwiri zosiyana zachisinthiko.
Kaya ndi mphepo yamkuntho yaikulu kapena mikwingwirima yovuta kwambiri DNA double-helix, spirals ndizofala m'chilengedwe ndipo zambiri zimatha kufotokozedwa ndi masamu odziwika bwino a Fibonacci; zomwe zimapanga maziko a machitidwe ambiri achilengedwe achangu komanso odabwitsa.
Zozungulira ndizofala m'zomera, ndipo ma spirals a Fibonacci amapanga 90% ya zozungulira. Mitu ya mpendadzuwa, mapinazi, nanazi, ndi zomera zapanyumba zokometsera zonse zimaphatikiza mizere yosiyana imeneyi m’maluwa ake amaluwa, masamba, kapena njere zake.
Chifukwa chiyani ma spirals a Fibonacci, omwe amadziwikanso kuti chinsinsi cha chilengedwe, amapezeka kwambiri muzomera akhala akuzunguza asayansi kwa zaka mazana ambiri, koma chisinthiko chake sichinalandiridwe.
Kutengera kufalikira kwawo, kwakhala kuganiziridwa kuti ma spiral a Fibonacci anali zinthu zakale zomwe zidasinthika m'mamera akale kwambiri ndipo zidasungidwa bwino muzomera.
Tsopano, gulu lapadziko lonse lapansi lotsogozedwa ndi University of Edinburgh kuphatikiza University College Cork (UCC) Holly-Anne Turner ndi ofufuza a University Münster, Germany, ndi Northern Rogue Studios, UK, agwetsa chiphunzitsochi ndi kupezeka kwa ma spirals omwe si a Fibonacci mu Zaka 407 miliyoni zapitazo.
"clubmoss Asteroxylon mackiei ndi chimodzi mwa zitsanzo zakale kwambiri za zomera zomwe zili ndi masamba mu zolemba zakale. Pogwiritsa ntchito zomanganso izi, takwanitsa kutsata masamba omwe azungulira pamitengo ya zomera zakale zazaka 407 miliyoni. Kupenda kwathu kakonzedwe ka masamba ku Asteroxylon kukuwonetsa kuti ma clubmosses oyambirira adapanga ma spiral osakhala a Fibonacci ”atero Holly-Anne Turner.
Pogwiritsa ntchito njira zomangiranso digito ofufuzawo adapanga mitundu yoyambirira ya 3D ya mphukira zamasamba mu fossil clubmoss Asteroxylon mackiei - membala wa gulu loyambirira la zomera zamasamba.
Zotsalira zakale zosungidwa mwapadera zidapezeka pamalo odziwika bwino a zakale a Rhynie chert, malo okhala ku Scottish pafupi ndi mudzi wa Aberdeenshire ku Rhynie.
Malowa ali ndi umboni wa zamoyo zina zakale kwambiri padziko lapansi - pomwe zomera zakumtunda zidayamba kusinthika ndipo pang'onopang'ono zidayamba kuphimba miyala yapadziko lapansi kuti ikhale yokhazikika.
Zomwe zapezazi zidawulula kuti masamba ndi zoberekera ku Asteroxylon mackiei, nthawi zambiri zimakonzedwa m'malo ozungulira omwe si a Fibonacci omwe sapezeka muzomera masiku ano.
Izi zikusintha kumvetsetsa kwa asayansi za Fibonacci spirals mu zomera zakumtunda. Zimasonyeza kuti ma spiral omwe si a Fibonacci anali ofala mu mosses zakale za clubmosses komanso kuti kusintha kwa masamba ozungulira kunapatukana m'njira ziwiri zosiyana.
Masamba akale a clubmosses anali ndi mbiri yosiyana kwambiri ya chisinthiko kuchokera kumagulu ena akuluakulu a zomera masiku ano monga ferns, conifers, ndi zomera zamaluwa.
Gululi linapanga chitsanzo cha 3D cha Asteroxylon mackiei, chomwe chatha kwa zaka zoposa 400 miliyoni, pogwira ntchito ndi wojambula wa digito Matt Humpage, pogwiritsa ntchito kumasulira kwa digito ndi kusindikiza kwa 3D.
Phunzirolo lidasindikizidwa koyamba m'magazini Science pa June 2023.
