Chipinda cha mphanga chotsekedwa ndi mchenga kwa zaka pafupifupi 40,000 chinapezeka ku Vanguard Cave ku Gibraltar - zomwe zapeza zomwe zingathe kuwulula zambiri za a Neanderthal omwe ankakhala m'derali panthawiyo.
"Popeza kuti mchenga wosindikiza chipindacho unali zaka 40,000, ndipo chipindacho chinali chachikulu, chiyenera kuti chinali a Neanderthals, omwe ankakhala ku Eurasia kuyambira zaka 200,000 mpaka 40,000 zapitazo ndipo ayenera kuti ankagwiritsa ntchito phanga," Clive Finlayson. , wotsogolera wa Gibraltar National Museum, adatero.
Pomwe gulu la Finlayson limaphunzira kuphangako mu Seputembara 2021, adapeza malo opanda kanthu. Atadutsamo, anapeza kuti ndi mamita 13 (mamita 43) m’litali, ndipo ma stalactites akulendewera ngati tinthu tochititsa mantha kuchokera padenga la chipindacho.
Pamwamba pa chipinda cha mphanga, ofufuzawo adapeza zotsalira za lynx, hyenas ndi griffon vultures, komanso whelk yaikulu, mtundu wa nkhono ya m'nyanja yomwe mwinamwake inanyamulidwa m'chipinda ndi Neanderthal, akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale adatero m'mawu. .
Ofufuzawo anali ndi chidwi chofuna kuona zomwe adzapeza akadzayamba kukumba. Kuthekera kumodzi ndikuti gululo lipeza maliro a Neanderthal, Finlayson adatero. "Tidapeza dzino la mkaka la Neanderthal wazaka 4 pafupi ndi chipindacho zaka zinayi zapitazo," adatero.
Dzinolo “linali kugwirizana ndi afisi, ndipo tikukayikira kuti afisiwo anabweretsa mwanayo [amene ayenera kuti anali wakufa] m’phanga.”
Zimatenga nthawi yaitali kuti amalize kufukula zinthu zakale zoterezi. Ofufuza apeza umboni wochuluka wa kukhalapo kwa Neanderthals m'phanga, lotchedwa Gorham's Cave Complex, kuphatikizapo kujambula komwe kungakhale koyambirira kwa Neanderthal zojambulajambula.
Mu July 2012, pansi pa imodzi mwa mapanga a Gorham anapezeka kuti anali okanda kwambiri. Ofufuza adavumbulutsa mizere yodutsana yopitilira ~ 1 sikweya mita, yomwe idadulidwa pamwamba pamiyala pafupifupi 100 metres kuchokera pakhomo pake.
Zing'onozo zimakhala ndi mizere isanu ndi itatu yokonzedwa m'magulu awiri a mizere itatu italiitali ndipo yodutsana ndi iwiri yaifupi, yomwe yagwiritsidwa ntchito kusonyeza kuti ndi chizindikiro. Zing'onozing'onozo zimaganiziridwa kukhala zaka zosachepera 39,000, chifukwa zinapezeka pansi pa dothi losasokonezeka la m'badwo umenewo momwe zida za miyala ya Neanderthal zinapezedwa. Kuperekedwa kwa zokopa kwa Neanderthals kumatsutsana.
Kuphatikiza apo, zomwe zapezedwa zikusonyeza kuti, m'phanga lino, achibale athu apafupi omwe adazimiririka adapha zisindikizo, kuzula nthenga pa mbalame zodya nyama kuti azivala ngati zokongoletsera ndi zida zomwe zidagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zidanenedwa kale.
Asayansi akuganiza kuti phanga ili liyenera kukhala limodzi mwa malo otsiriza a Neanderthals anakhala asanathe zaka 40,000 zapitazo.
