Nebra Sky Disk: Kodi ndiyedi mapu akale kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ??

'Nebra Sky Disk' inali mbiri yakale ya nyenyezi yomwe idapangidwa ku Germany cha m'ma 1600 BCE. Ikuwonetsera zinthu zingapo zofunika kuthambo (dzuwa, mwezi, ndi nyenyezi). Chimodzi mwazinthu zochititsa chidwi kwambiri chimayang'ana pama arcs awiri agolide omwe amayenda m'mbali mwa Disk.

Nebra Sky Disk
Nebra Sky Disk. © Chithunzi Pazithunzi: Wikimedia Commons

Arc iliyonse imakhala ndi ngodya ya 82 °, yoyimira bwino ma angles pakati pa nyengo yachilimwe ndi yozizira. Zotsatira zake, disc yakumlengalenga ndi njira yoyamba yosunthika yaku Europe yosonyeza kuzungulira kwa dzuwa.

Mwina chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi tsango la madontho asanu ndi awiri kumtunda kwa disc (pakati pa zizindikiro za dzuwa ndi mwezi) zomwe zimaganiziridwa kuti zikuyimira gulu la nyenyezi la Pleiades. Nyenyeziyi imapezeka kawirikawiri pamapepala a ku Scandinavia, osonyeza kuti chinali chizindikiro chachikulu kwa anthu aku Germany.

Palibe gawo lina lililonse la disk lomwe likufanana ndi nyenyezi iliyonse mumlengalenga usiku. Izi zikuwonetsa kuti chinthucho sichinagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati tchati cha nyenyezi, koma monga choyimira chilengedwe. Kodi ndizotheka, ndiye, kuti discyi idafotokozera zam'mwamba?

Pleiades ankadziwika kuti "nyenyezi ya nyenyezi" ku Babulo, ndipo amawonedwa ngati gawo lachifumu lakumwamba usiku. Aigupto akale amaganiza kuti chinali chiwonetsero cha mulungu wamkazi Neith, "mayi wauzimu wakumwamba." Pleiades anali ana aakazi asanu ndi awiri a Titans mu nthano zachi Greek (Atlas ndi Pleione). Chifukwa cha momwe nyenyezi zimayandikira kuzungulira mlengalenga, mayina awo amatanthauza "oyenda panyanja."

Nebra Sky Disk: Kodi ndiyedi mapu akale kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ?? 1
Mtundu womwe diski imapangidwira sunafanane ndi kalembedwe kalikonse kamene kanadziwika kuyambira nthawiyo, zotsatira zake kuti chinthucho poyamba chimakayikiridwa kuti ndi chabodza, koma tsopano chikuvomerezeka kuti ndichachidziwikire. © Chithunzi Pazithunzi: Public Domain

Kutsatira kuchokera pamutu wapanyanjawu, pali chikwangwani china chanyanja pa tchati. Ophunzira ena amaganiza kuti gawo lachitatu kumapeto kwa disc likuyimira bwato ladzuwa, chizindikiro chanthano chodziwika bwino m'nthano zaku Egypt ndi Norse.

Ra anali Mulungu wa Dzuwa ku Egypt wakale yemwe amati amayenda mozungulira mlengalenga ndi bwato lowala. Masana, sitima yake idadutsa mlengalenga, ndikuwunikira Dziko Lapansi. Ankadutsa chakumadzulo madzulo, ndipo kunkachita mdima, kenako n'kubwerera tsiku lotsatira. Mwambowu unkayimira kufa kwa mulungu dzuwa ndikubadwanso.

Munthu wakumwamba wokhala ndi chisoti chachifumu chomwe chidayimirira paboti chitha kuwonedwa m'miyala ina yaku Scandinavia (yosema pafupifupi 1700 BCE). Mosiyana ndi Dzuwa Mulungu, yemwe amadzuka ndikukhazikika tsiku lililonse, gulu laku Scandinavia limalumikizidwa ndi a Pleiades (gulu la nyenyezi lomwe likuwonetsedwa kumanzere kwa chithunzichi), zomwe zikutanthauza kuti lidzawuka mu Kasupe (nyengo yakusintha) ndikukhazikitsanso Dzinja (nthawi yokolola).

Mulungu wa dzuwa / wakuthambo amawotcha ndi moyo kumwamba m'mafanizo onse awiri, pomalizira pake akumira patali, ndikuwonetsa mtundu wa imfa yakumwamba.

Mwachidule: Chizindikiro cha dzuwa kumanzere kwa mapu a nyenyezi chikuyimira kutuluka ndi kulowa kwa dzuwa, kuyimira kuzungulira kwa usiku ndi usana. Chizindikiro cha mwezi, chimatulukanso ndikukhazikika mlengalenga, koma kwa nthawi yayitali. Mwezi umagwiritsidwa ntchito posonyeza kuzungulira kwa mwezi.

Pleiades imadzuka ndikukhalanso pafupi. Agiriki anazigwiritsa ntchito poyerekeza kubwera kwa masika ndi kuchoka kwa nthawi yophukira (nyengo zam'nyengo). Ma arc agolide pamwamba pa disk amakhala ndi madigiri 82, ndikuwonetsera nyengo yaku Germany yozizira komanso yozizira (nyengo yozungulira).

Nebra thambo disk Pleiades
Pleiades, kapena Alongo Asanu ndi awiri, ndi gulu lowonekera lotseguka lomwe lili ndi nyenyezi zapakati pazaka zapakati pa B zotentha zomwe zili mgulu la Taurus. Ili m'gulu la nyenyezi zoyandikira kwambiri padziko lapansi ndipo ndi tsango lomwe limawonekera bwino kwambiri m'maso usiku. © Chithunzi Pazithunzi: Claudio Balducelli | Chilolezo kuchokera ku Malingaliro a kampani Dreamstime Inc. (Mkonzi / Zogulitsa Gwiritsani Ntchito Chithunzi Cha Stock)

Pomaliza, pali bwato lakuthambo, chizindikiro cha mulungu wakumwamba yemwe amalamulira pazomwe mapu azungulira. Zizindikiro zikawonedwa motere, chimbale cha nyenyezi chikuwoneka kuti chikufotokoza nkhani yakufa ndi kuwuka, yomwe imapezeka mzambiri zadziko lapansi.

Kuti muwone chimbale ngati mapu oyenda nyenyezi ndizotambasula. Zitha kukhala proto-calender, yopangidwa ndi ansembe kuti azindikire komwe amakhala mchaka cha mwezi. Amatha kuneneratu kuchuluka kwa kasupe komwe kwatsala posanja ma Pleiade motsutsana ndi ma arcs agolide (omwe amayimira kutambasula), nthawi yokondwerera solstices, komanso nthawi yoti alimi akolole mbewu zawo.

Ngati ndi choncho, Nebra Sky Disk ikadakhala yosungidwa ndi munthu wodziwika bwino ndipo ikadakhala yamphamvu kwambiri, kuthandiza achikulire kuti amvetsetse ndikusintha zinsinsi za chilengedwe.