Kwa zaka mazana ambiri, olemba mbiri ndi akatswiri ofukula mabwinja adadodometsa zinsinsi zambiri za Stonehenge, chipilala choyambirira chomwe chidatenga omwe adamanga Neolithic pafupifupi zaka 1,500 kuti amange. Ili kumwera kwa England, ili ndi miyala ikuluikulu pafupifupi 100 yoyikidwa mozungulira.
Ngakhale akatswiri ambiri amakono akuvomereza kuti Stonehenge kale anali manda, sanadziwe zolinga zake zina ndi momwe chitukuko chopanda ukadaulo wamakono - kapena gudumu - chidatulutsa chipilalacho. Kumanga kwake kumakhala kovuta kwambiri chifukwa, pomwe miyala yamchenga yamiyala yakunja ikubwera kuchokera kumiyala yam'deralo, asayansi afufuza miyala yamiyala yomwe imapanga mphete yake yamkati mpaka ku Preseli Hills ku Wales, pafupifupi ma 200 mamailosi pomwe Stonehenge akukhala pa Chigwa cha Salisbury.
Zochitika zodabwitsa pamalo a Stonehenge
Mu 2015, katswiri wamatsenga a Mike Hallowell adayitanidwa kuti akafufuze mlandu wodabwitsa womwe wasowa womwe udanenedwa koyambirira ndi wapolisi mu Ogasiti 1971. Ripotilo lidanenanso kuti kumapeto kwa nthawi yachilimwe madzulo, achinyamata asanu adakumana pamabwinja akale a Stonehenge kudzawonerera kunjenjemera. Atakhazikitsa msasa mkati mwa mwalawo ndikuyamba chikondwerero chochepa chamtundu wina, kunyezimira kwa mphezi kudayatsa thambo, mkuntho wamphamvu udatsatira mwachangu. Achinyamatawo anapitiliza koma m'mene mphezi zambiri zimamenya mitengo kenako miyala ikuluikulu ija adathamangira kumahema awo kukabisala. Zinthu zidayamba kusintha.
Wapolisi wakomweko woyang'anira adanenanso kuti bwalolo mwalawo wazunguliridwa ndi kuwala kowopsa kwa buluu, kuwonongeka kwake kudakhala kowala kwambiri kotero adateteza maso ake. Patangopita kanthawi pang'ono adamva kufuula kophulitsa magazi kubwera kuchokera pakati pa bwalolo ndipo palibe chomwe chidachitika, achinyamatawo adasowa. Ngati lipoti la wapolisi ameneyu lingakhulupiriridwe, kodi ndi umboni wokwanira kutsimikizira okayikira kuti pali nkhani zambiri zamatsenga zozungulira Stonehenge kuposa zongopeka chabe?
Wofufuza Billy Carson amalankhula za mboni ina yomwe idawona tsokali:
"Mlimi yemwe anali ndi malo pomwe Stonehenge anali wokhumudwa chifukwa gulu la achimwene anali atamanga msasa mkati mwa Stonehenge. Adayitanitsa apolisi. Iye ndi apolisiwo adayamba kuyenda kupita ku Stonehenge ndipo atachita izi adawona mphenzi zikumenya miyala. Koma m'malo mongoyala miyala, zodabwitsa izi zidachitika pomwe kuwala kumayamba kupangika mkati mwa Stonehenge, ndipo mwachangu kwambiri kuwalako kudachoka pamtundu wabuluu kupita zoyera zowala. Kunali kowala kwambiri kwakuti mpira wamphamvu unafika kwenikweni m'mphepete mwa mphete yakunja ya miyala. Mlimiyo ndi apolisi ayamba kuthamangira kumeneku chifukwa kunali kung'anima kuja kenako kuwala kunazimiririka. Uwu unali umboni wa mboni yowona ndi maso ndipo tsopano sungatsutsike. Umboni wa mboni yowona ndiwomwe umatsimikiziridwa ku khothi, ndipo aliyense amene anali pamenepo anali atatsimikiziridwa kwathunthu. ”
Kodi kuzindikira zinsinsi za Stonehenge kungatitsogolere kumvetsetsa ukadaulo wachinsinsi wakale?
Kulumikizana pakati pa mizere ya Ley ndi Stonehenge ndi chizindikiro cha Caduceus
Timaganiza zambiri, mizere ya Ley ndiyolunjika yomwe imadutsa pansi ndipo ma Leys ena ndi azakuthambo ndipo amaloza ku zochitika zakuthambo monga kutuluka kwa kutuluka kwa dzuwa pakati, mwachitsanzo, kapena kukhala munthawi ya mwezi womwe ndi msewu wopita kumwamba. Ndiye muli ndi mizere ina ya Ley yomwe imangokhala mwapamwamba chabe ndipo ilibe mphamvu ndipo imangolumikiza m'maso ndikuwona madera akale. Chifukwa chake tiyenera kulingalira za mizere ya Ley ngati magulu osiyanasiyana. Mofananamo, ena ali ndi mphamvu, ena alibe. Kenako titha kupeza zomwe zimatchedwa Ley system. Ndipo njira ya Ley ndi mzere wolunjika m'malo omwe ali ndi mafunde oyenda mowirikiza.
Kotero tiyeni tiganizire kwa kamphindi kamodzi chizindikiro cha Caduceus chomwe odwala opaleshoni amavala lero. Ili ndi mzere wowongoka wokhala ndi njoka ziwiri mu twine mmenemo, m'modzi wamwamuna wina wamkazi. Ndipo tikayang'ana mawonekedwe akale ndizomwe zikuchitika, muli ndi mzere wolunjika wa Ley ndipo makina a Ley ali ndi vuto lamwamuna ndi lachikazi lomwe likulowererapo. Tsopano ma Leys awa, mukawafotokozera padziko lonse lapansi, amakhala bwalo lalikulu. Ndipo ma druid akale achi Celtic omwe adalandira zambiri zam'badwo wa bronze nthawi zonse amati m'mabuku awo, pali magulu 12 olimba omwe amayenda kuzungulira dziko lapansi, ndipo umodzi mwamabwalo amphamvu awa omwe amapita kuzungulira dziko lapansi ndiwofanana ndendende madigiri 51.
Stonehenge ili pamtunda wa madigiri 51 mphindi 11 kumpoto, ndipo ndipamene malo okhawo pazilumba za Britain komwe kumayang'ana molondola nthawi yolowera dzuwa m'nyengo yozizira, mbali inayo, komwe kumayambira dzuwa likatuluka. Kuphatikizanso apo, pakati pa chilimwe, dzuŵa limaloŵa mopendekeka kukafika kumwezi kumpoto kwake, n'kulowera mbali yoyenera. Chifukwa chake Stonehenge anali pamtunda wa madigiri a 51, Ley imadutsa pamadigiri a 51, Mwala wa Heel umawoneka pa madigiri a 51. Tsopano, Ley uyu amalumikizana osati kungolowera kokha koma komwe mapulaneti anali mlengalenga pafupifupi 2700 BC.
Akatswiri a zakuthambo amavomereza kuti mchaka cha 2700 BC, mapulaneti ndi nyenyezi zikadagwirizana bwino kuti ziwonetse mwala womwe udayikidwa ku Stonehenge. Tikawerenga zolemba zakumwamba zam'mbuyomu, zimawonekeratu kuti anthu aku Stonehenge anali kuwerengetsa mtunda wapakati pa malo opangira mphamvu ndi mapulaneti kenako ndikubwezeretsanso kukula uku poyika miyala pansi pano. Koma ndi cholinga chotani? Kodi panali ubale wotani pakati pa miyala yolumikizana ndi mapulaneti omwe anali pamwamba pake?
Kulumikizana kwachinsinsi kwa Stonehenge
Pali lingaliro lakuti, kuwonjezera pa kukopa kwa dzuwa ndi mwezi ndi mphamvu ya kadamsana, Stonehenge ali ndi mgwirizano ndi chikoka cha Saturn. Izi zimachokera ku chiphunzitso chomwe chidafotokozedwa m'ma 1980 koyambirira. Chiphunzitsochi chimafotokoza za mkati mwawo zotchedwa nsapato za akavalo zamiyala zopangidwa ndi bluestone ― yomwe imachokera ku Wales, yomwe ili pamtunda wa mamailosi mazana kuchokera ku Stonehenge ― imawonetsa kukopa uku; ndikuti popeza anali otsogola, amaloza chisonkhezero cha Saturn.
Tsopano, ngati tiwona izi pansi, tifunika kuwona kuti Stonehenge akuyimira Saturn ndipo ili ndi zipilala 30 zomwe zikuzungulira ndipo Saturn amatenga zaka 30 kuti apange zodiac imodzi, yomwe wakuthambo aliyense ndi wamatsenga angakuuzeni― uko kumatchedwa kubwerera kwa Satin. Ndizoyenda wazaka 30 ndichifukwa chake panali zipilala 30 ku Stonehenge.
Malinga ndi theorists, makolo athu akale ankachita chilichonse ndi tanthauzo, palibe chomwe chidangochitika mwangozi. Chilichonse chinali ndi zofananira komanso zakuthupi zakale ku Stonehenge. Tiyenera kulingalira pamzerewu ndikupita patsogolo kuti panali malo ena akale otchedwa Marden.
Marden anali wapamwamba henge. 'Den' ndi liwu lakale la Chingerezi loti khazikitsidwe ndipo 'Mars' amatanthawuza masiku ano - kukhazikika kwa mars, ndipamene mars anali m'malo akale ndikubweretsa padziko lapansi anali kubweretsa kumwamba padziko lapansi. Kupitilira patsogolo pa Ley muli ndi dzuwa ndi mwezi zoyimiridwa ndi Avebury Henge, yomwe ili ndi bwalo lamiyala yayikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi.
Pamene Stonehenge akugwa pang'onopang'ono, asayansi akufufuza mozama kuti apeze mayankho onena za cholinga chenicheni cha miyala yamiyala iyi. Malowa anali ndi bwalo lamkati lamiyala yaying'ono yabuluu yoyikidwa mu nsapato za akavalo yozunguliridwa ndi khoma lakunja lakunja lamiyala yamchenga ya sarsen yazaka 60 miliyoni. 100 ayimilira lero koma koyambirira akukhulupirira kuti anali ena ambiri.
Unyinji wa zikuluzikulu zikufanana ndi kulemera kwa galimoto yodzaza ndi simenti yodzaza mokwanira. Zonsezi zinayamba ndikumanga kooneka ngati u mkati. Anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti mamangidwe ooneka ngati a U akuyenera kukhala ophiphiritsira chiberekero cha munthu wamkazi ndichifukwa chake amatseguka kumapeto amodzi kuti athe kuberekera kunja kwa mphamvu. Awa sanali anthu omwe amatha kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wamtundu uliwonse womwe tili nawo lero komabe mwina akukwaniritsa zinthu ndi sayansi iyi yomwe titha kungolota lero pogwiritsa ntchito miyala. Ndizosangalatsa.
Chodabwitsa kwambiri kuposa kukula kwa megaliths iyi ndikuti zomwe zili ku sarsen ndizofanana ndi miyala ya quartz yamwala. Kodi akale adapeza njira yowongolera mayendedwe amawu ndi mphamvu? Ndipo ngati ndi choncho, anali kugwiritsira ntchito chiyani maulendo amenewa?
Stonehenge ndi mphamvu yamafuta othamanga kwambiri
Theorists akuti tikadzawona miyala ikulowetsedwa mu mphamvu zamagetsi ndikutha kupanga mphamvu zakuthambo mu gulu lomwe limalumikizana kuchokera pamwala umodzi kupita ku linzake polumikizana (monga momwe amatchulidwira), titha kufananiza izi ndi dongosolo lalikulu lamagetsi.
Stonehenge ndi wapadera, palibe mwala wina wamiyala wofanana ndiwu kuzilumba zaku Britain, womwe uli ndi zotchinga pamwamba chimodzimodzi. Ili ndi bwalo lazunguliro lokwanira madigiri 360 pamwamba lomwe lidapangidwa ndi mphodza zomwe, malinga ndi ofufuza ambiri ndi akatswiri opanga ma geom, zimapanga mawonekedwe amphamvu oyenda kuzungulira zipilala kenako mtundu uliwonse wachitatu kapena wachinayi.
Mphamvu imapita ku mwala wa Heel, nthawi zonse imakhala ndi chomwe chimatchedwa chipata chotuluka chomwe ndi mwala woyimilira womwe uli mbali imodzi komwe mphamvu zake zimayendetsedwa zomwe zingafanizidwe ndi chinthu china chofanana ndi ntchito yoyesera yopangidwa ndi European Organisation ya Nuclear Research, yotchedwa CERN. Chifukwa iyenso ndi chipilala chozungulira chomwe chimapangitsa kuti mphamvu yamagetsi izizungulira mozungulira.
Kodi akale angakhale ndi ukadaulo womwe unali wamphamvu kwambiri ngati CERN yomwe idakhazikitsidwa ku 1954? Laborator ya CERN imakhala mozungulira malire a franco-swiss pafupi ndi Geneva. Apa akatswiri apamwamba ofufuza za nyukiliya padziko lapansi amapanga zida zopangira sayansi zomwe zimasanthula zomwe zimayambira. Palibe amene anganene kuti chilengedwe chawo champhamvu kwambiri mpaka pano ndi Large Hadron Collider (LHC) ringa 27 kilometre ring ya maginito opitilira muyeso omwe amalimbikitsa kwambiri mphamvu ya tinthu tothamanga kudzera momwemo.
Bwalo lamiyala likakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira amenewo limapanga gawo lamphamvu lomwe limazungulirazungulira. Kodi makolo athu akale akadatha kukhala akupanga magetsi amtunduwu?
Zaka zingapo zapitazo, pomwe mainjiniya ochokera ku ntchito ya CERN's LHC adakumana ndikuwona malo akale a Stonehenge palokha, adapeza kuti kuthamanga kwamphamvu kwambiri modutsa mdzikolo, komweko kutha kupezeka kuchokera ku cholumikizira cha hadron masiku amakono.
Malinga ndi ofufuza ambiri odziyimira pawokha, zipilala ngati Stonehenge, zomwe zimapezeka padziko lonse lapansi m'malo opangira magetsi, zimatha kupanga tinthu todutsa padziko lapansi mwachangu kwambiri. Pamzere wotsatira, ndi njira yopangira mphamvu zazikulu. Ngati ndi choncho, zomwe makolo athu akale anali kuchita anali kukankhira mphamvu molunjika kapena kuchokera kubwalo (monga cholumikizira cha hadron), chomwe chimachulukitsa tinthu tomwe timaponyera maatomu mozungulira mwachangu kotero kuti mugawe iwo m'zigawo zawo.
Ndi Stonehenge, zomwe mwina mukuwona ndikuyesera kwakale kwachinthu chonga icho. Komabe, mwina samayesa kuwononga maatomu pa se, koma ndi onse awiri, atha kutsegulira chitseko china.
Pali anthu ambiri omwe amakhulupirira kuti cholembera cha hadron chidapangidwadi kuti achite izi, ndikuti nkhani yonseyi imangopangidwa kuti iwoneke ngati ndichinthu chovomerezeka cha sayansi. Zitha kukhala kuti dziko lakuya lomwe adalimanga likuyang'ana kuti atsegule khomo lolowera mkatikati mwa nsapato za akavalo. Chifukwa anali otsogola, amaloza chisonkhezero cha Saturn, osati kwenikweni komwe idakwera koma mwina kupita ku chipilala china chapafupi. Koma chifukwa cha izi, zidapatsa Stonehenge mbali yakuda chifukwa Saturn imagwirizanitsidwa ndi utoto wakuda ndiimfa kapena imfa.
Kodi Stonehenge atha kukhala kuti akutsogoleredwa ndi Saturn?
Saturn ndi pulaneti yochititsa chidwi chifukwa mu nthano zachi Greek anali Cronus yemwe anali kwenikweni Titan, wolamulira milungu yonse. Ndipo Zeus, Jupiter amayenera kugwetsa Saturn kuti apulumuke chifukwa Cronus anali kumeza ana ake omwe ndipo pali china choti chinenedwe paubwenzi uwu wa Saturn ndi satana (mdierekezi).
Ngakhale timapeza chiphunzitsochi kukhala chosamvetseka koma kuyanjana kwa Saturn ndi 'nthawi' ndikofunikira kwambiri chifukwa mabwalo amiyala awa nthawi zambiri amawoneka ngati akuwonetsa nthawi. 'Nthawi' yokha ndiye satana wakale kwambiri m'chilengedwechi. Kodi tikudziwa chiyani ngati anthu chinthu chimodzi chomwe tonsefe timalimbana nacho chomwe sitingathe kugonjetsa ndi 'nthawi' kotero Saturn monga mbuye wamtunduwu alidi 'mbuye wa mphete' - mphete zomwe zimakhudza nthawi yokha.
M'mitundu yonse yakale ya nthano, ngakhale m'malemba achihindu ndi Asumeri, Saturn nthawi zonse amatengedwa ngati dziko lowononga kwambiri. Ndipo ndizovuta kumvetsetsa chifukwa chake pulaneti iliyonse ili ndi kamvekedwe kake ndi kufanana kofananira ndi nthano padziko lonse lapansi, ngakhale idapangidwa mosiyana ndi zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana. Mars yankhondo, Pluto ndiotsogola, Venus ndiyachikondi, koma Saturn wakhala chilombo chotere m'mbiri yakale. Malingaliro awa atsutsa ena kuti ayang'ane Stonehenge mosiyana ndi kale.
Kodi kusungidwa kwa miyala yolumikizana ndi Saturn kumakhudzana bwanji ndi zenizeni zathu zam'mlengalenga? Kodi ndizotheka kuti Stonehenge ndi kuyika kwake miyala kuyimira Saturn, mwezi ndi dzuwa zikuwuzadi anthu amakono kuti azikumbukira ndife yani, ndipo timachokera kuti?
