Anthu azaka zamiyala atha kupita mwadala m'mapanga okhala ndi mpweya kuti azipenta ali ndi zokumana nazo zakunja ndi malingaliro, malinga ndi kafukufuku watsopano.
Pofufuza zojambulidwa m'mapanga kuyambira nthawi yakumtunda ya Paleolithic, zaka 40,000 mpaka 14,000 zapitazo, ofufuza aku Yunivesite ya Tel Aviv adazindikira kuti ambiri anali m'makonde opyola m'mipanda momwe mumadutsa mapanga owala okha.
Kafukufukuyu akuyang'ana kuphanga lokongoletsedwa ku Europe, makamaka Spain ndi France, ndikufotokozera chifukwa chake ojambula m'mapanga angasankhe kukongoletsa madera akuya m'mapanga.
"Zikuwoneka kuti anthu Akutali a Paleolithic samakonda kugwiritsa ntchito mkati mwa mapanga akuya pochita zinthu zapakhomo. Ntchito zoterezi zimachitika makamaka pabwalo, m'miyala kapena polowera m'mapanga, " phunziroli limawerengedwa. Koma ndichifukwa chiyani anthu adakumana ndi zovuta zodutsa njira zazing'ono zamapanga kuti apange zaluso?
Poyankha funsoli, gulu la ofufuza ku Yunivesite ya Tel Aviv limayang'ana kwambiri mapanga akuya, opapatiza, makamaka omwe amafunikira kuwunika koyenda: mpweya wochepa. Ofufuzawo adayesa makompyuta oyimira mapanga achitsanzo okhala ndi maulendowa osiyanasiyana omwe amatsogolera kumadera akuluakulu a "holo" momwe zojambula zitha kupezeka ndikusanthula kusintha kwa mpweya wa oxygen ngati munthu angayime mbali zosiyanasiyana za phanga likuyatsa tochi. Moto, wonga uja wochokera ku tochi, ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zingapo zomwe zimawononga mpweya m'mapanga.
Adapeza kuti kuchuluka kwa okosijeni kumadalira kutalika kwa mayendedwe, pomwe njira zazifupi sizikhala ndi mpweya wochuluka. Nthawi zambiri zoyeserera, kuchuluka kwa mpweya kumatsika kuchokera ku 21% mpaka 18% atakhala mkati mwa mapanga kwa mphindi pafupifupi 15.
Mafuta otsika oterewa amatha kuyambitsa hypoxia m'thupi, zomwe zimatha kuyambitsa mutu, kupuma movutikira, kusokonezeka komanso kupumula; koma hypoxia imawonjezeranso hormone dopamine muubongo, yomwe nthawi zina imatha kubweretsa kuyerekezera komanso zokumana nazo kunja kwa thupi, malinga ndi kafukufukuyu. Kwa mapanga okhala ndi zotchingira zochepa kapena maholo ang'onoang'ono, mpweya wa oxygen udathiridwa mpaka 11%, zomwe zimatha kuyambitsa zizindikilo zowopsa za hypoxia.
Ofufuzawo amaganiza kuti anthu akale adakwawira m'malo amdimawa kuti akalalikire. Malinga ndi Ran Barkai, wolemba nawo komanso pulofesa wakale wamabwinja, "Kupaka utoto m'malo amenewa kunali chisankho chabwino chofuna kuwathandiza kulumikizana ndi chilengedwe."
"Ankagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikizana ndi zinthu," anawonjezera Barkai. “Sititcha luso la rock. Si nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale. ” Olemba mapanga amaganiza za nkhope yamwala ngati nembanemba yolumikiza dziko lawo kupita kudziko lamtunda, komwe amakhulupirira kuti ndi malo ochulukirapo, Barkai adalongosola.
Zojambulazo zimapanga nyama monga mammoth, njati, ndi ibex, ndipo akatswiri akhala akutsutsana za cholinga chawo. Ofufuzawo adati mapanga adachita mbali yofunika kwambiri pazikhulupiriro za nthawi ya Upper Paleolithic ndikuti zojambulazo zinali mbali ya ubalewu.
"Sizinali zokongoletsa zomwe zimapangitsa mapanga kukhala ofunika, koma chosiyana kwambiri: kufunikira kwa mapanga osankhidwa ndi chifukwa chokongoletsera," phunziroli limawerengedwa.
Barkai adanenanso kuti zojambulazo m'mphanga zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yopita, kupatsidwa umboni kuti ana analipo. Kafukufuku wowonjezera awunika chifukwa chomwe anawo adabweretsedwera m'mapanga akuyawa, komanso kufufuza ngati anthu adatha kulimbana ndi mpweya wochepa.
Zotsatira zake zidasindikizidwa pa Marichi 31 mu "Nthawi ndi Maganizo: The Journal of Archaeology, Consciousness and Culture"
