Anataya ukadaulo wakale: Bwanji ngati zida zomangira zipilala zakale sizinatayike konse?

Chimodzi mwazifukwa zomwe timasangalalirabe ndimakedzedwe akale ndi chinsinsi cha momwe miyala yayikulu idadulidwira ndikumangirizidwa molondola osamvetsetseka. Kugwiritsa ntchito maso anu, cholakwika chenicheni munkhani yayikulu chimawoneka bwino.

Malongosoledwe achikhalidwe akusonyeza kuti zida wamba, zachikale zophatikizika ndi zozizwitsa za kuyesayesa kwaumunthu zidapangitsa izi kutheka. Palibe chifukwa chomveka chofotokozera chifukwa chake maluso amisiri ndi mapangidwe amagawana zofananira zambiri padziko lapansi pomwe chithunzi chachikulu chikuwonekera.

Padziko lonse lapansi, miyala yodulidwa ngati T kapena ma hourglass yofanana ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali imapezeka m'makona akale akale. Zipangizo zachitsulo zinatsanuliridwa mu miyala yamtengo wapatali kuti zilimbikitse makoma, pogwiritsa ntchito maluso omwe amawoneka kuti akugawana chidziwitso padziko lonse lapansi.
Padziko lonse lapansi, miyala yodulidwa ngati T kapena ma hourglass yofanana ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali imapezeka m'makona akale akale. Zipangizo zachitsulo zinatsanuliridwa mu miyala yamtengo wapatali kuti zilimbikitse makoma, pogwiritsa ntchito maluso omwe amawoneka kuti akugawana chidziwitso padziko lonse lapansi.

Maulalo akusowa

Kupatula chinsinsi chakumanga, palinso ulalo wina wosowapo: Nchiyani chachitika ndi zida? Komanso, ndichifukwa chiyani sitikuwona zambiri zolembedwa zofotokoza njira zodabwitsazi zomangira?

Kodi njirazi zidasungidwa mwachinsinsi, kapena mayankho amakhala kutiyang'ana pankhope nthawi yonseyi? Kodi ndichifukwa chake sitinapeze umboni wowoneka bwino wazida chifukwa chimodzi mwazipangizochi ndikumveka kwakanthawi komanso kunjenjemera? Ndipo, kodi pali chifukwa china chifukwa sitimamvetsetsa zida zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito?

'Miyala Yoyenda Yapa Aigupto'

Zolemba za mu 947 AD zolembedwa ndi Abu al-Hasan Ali al-Mas'udi zimalongosola nthano zachiarabu zomwe zimati Aigupto amagwiritsa ntchito levivational pomanga mapiramidi. 'Gumbwa wamatsenga' adayikidwa pansi pamiyala yolemetsa, kenako ma stanes adakanthidwa ndi chitsulo. Kenako miyala inayamba kuyandama munjira yomwe inali ndi ndodo zachinsinsi zomwezo.
Zolemba za mu 947 AD zolembedwa ndi Abu al-Hasan Ali al-Mas'udi zimalongosola nthano zachiarabu zomwe zimati Aigupto amagwiritsa ntchito levivational pomanga mapiramidi. 'Gumbwa wamatsenga' adayikidwa pansi pamiyala yolemetsa, kenako ma stanes adakanthidwa ndi chitsulo. Kenako miyala inayamba kuyandama munjira yomwe inali ndi ndodo zachinsinsi zomwezo.

Nkhani ina yakale yonena za wolemba mbiri yakale wakale wachiarabu komanso wolemba malo akuti Aigupto anali kugwiritsa ntchito mawu potumiza miyala ikuluikulu. Wodziwika kuti Herodotus wa Aluya, adalemba nthano yakalekale mzaka za 947 AD. Nkhani yosaneneka yomwe al-Mas'udi adawulula idayenda motere:

"Pomanga ma piramidi, opanga awo adayika mosamalitsa zomwe zidanenedwa kuti gumbwa wamatsenga pansi pamphepete mwa miyala yamphamvu yomwe idayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga. Kenako, m'modzi m'modzi, miyalayo idakanthidwa ndi zomwe zinali zodabwitsa, koma mozizwitsa, zimangotchulidwa ngati ndodo yachitsulo. Tawonani, miyala ija idayamba kukwera pang'onopang'ono, ndipo - monga asirikali okhwima mosakayikira kutsatira malamulowo - amapita pang'onopang'ono, mwamachitidwe, mafayilo amtundu umodzi mapazi angapo panjira yolumikizidwa kuzungulira mbali zonse ziwiri zofananira, zodabwitsa ndodo zachitsulo. ”

Ndodo Ndodo

Chithunzi chodzipangira cha mulungu wakale waku Aigupto Anubis. Wopangidwa ndi Ningyou
Chithunzi chodzipangira cha mulungu wakale waku Aigupto Anubis © Ningyou

Tonse tawona milungu yaku Egypt ngati Anubis, itaimirira ndi ndodo yachilendo mdzanja lake monga chithunzi pamwambapa. Komabe, si anthu ambiri omwe amadziwa kuti chinthucho ndi chiyani. Amatchedwa Ndodo yachifumu, ndodo yokhala ndi foloko ndipo yokhala ndi mutu wopindika wofanana ndi canine kapena cholengedwa china. Ndodoyo ndi yopyapyala komanso yowongoka bwino komanso yolumikizidwa ndi zinthu zina zodabwitsa monga Ankh ndi Djed. Kodi zinali zophiphiritsira chabe, kapena kodi zikanakhala zida za mtundu winawake?

Chithunzi chochokera kumanda a kachisi wa Hatshepsut ku Deir el-Bahr akuwonetsa ankh (chizindikiro cha moyo), djed (chizindikiro chokhazikika), ndipo anali (chizindikiro cha mphamvu)
Chithunzi chochokera kumanda a kachisi wa Hatshepsut ku Deir el-Bahr akuwonetsa ankh (chizindikiro cha moyo), djed (chizindikiro chokhazikika), ndipo anali (chizindikiro cha mphamvu) © Kyera Giannini

Malinga ndi Ancient History Encyclopedia, zinthu izi ndizoyimira mphamvu zachifumu ndi ulamuliro.

“Zizindikiro zitatu zofunika kwambiri, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimawoneka muzojambula zamtundu uliwonse ku Egypt kuyambira zithumwa mpaka zomangamanga, zinali ankh, djed, ndi ndodo yachifumu. Izi zimakonda kuphatikizidwa m'malemba ndipo nthawi zambiri zimawoneka pa sarcophagi limodzi pagulu kapena padera. Pazochitika zonsezi, mawonekedwewo amaimira kufunikira kwamuyaya kwa lingaliro: ankh imayimira moyo; kukhazikika kwa djed; inali mphamvu. ”

Zithunzi zina, ma Was-sceptre amawoneka akugwirizira denga la kachisi pomwe Horus amayang'ana. Momwemonso, a Djed amawonedwa pamakoma akachisi akuwoneka kuti akukweza thambo kumalo ovuta ku Djoser ku Saqqara.

Mtengo wokongoletsedwa wamatabwa komanso wopatsa chidwi (chizindikiro chokhazikika) kuchokera kumanda a Mfumukazi Nefertari. Mzera XIX, 1279-1213 BCE. (Museum waku Egypt, Turin)
Mtengo wokongoletsedwa wamatabwa komanso wopatsa chidwi (chizindikiro chokhazikika) kuchokera kumanda a Mfumukazi Nefertari. Mzera XIX, 1279-1213 BCE. (Museum waku Egypt, Turin) © Mark Cartwright

Kanema wochokera kwa Akatswiri Omanga Zakale amafufuza lingaliro ili, akuwonetsa zitsanzo za mafoloko omwe amaigwiritsa ntchito Aiguputo. Wolemba Matthew Sibson wochokera ku UK akutulutsa malingaliro ochititsa chidwi momwe Aigupto angagwiritsire ntchito zinthu monga ndodo ya Was-ndodo ndi mafoloko otchera kudula miyala yolimba kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya mawu ndi kunjenjemera.

https://youtu.be/7H2-BawRLGw

Chithunzi cha mafoloko osanja chikuwoneka pa chifanizo cha Isis ndi Anubis, aliyense atagwira ndodo. Pakati pa milungu, chosema chikuwonetsa mafoloko awiri omwe amawoneka kuti amalumikizidwa ndi mawaya. Pansi pa mafoloko, chinthu chokhotakhota chokhala ndi ma prongulo anayi chimakhazikika, ndipo chimangowoneka ngati muvi wakuloza m'mwamba.

Isis ndi Anubis
Chithunzi cha ziboliboli za Isis ndi Anubis komanso kutsekedwa kwa chinthu chomwe nthawi zambiri chimatchedwa "foloko yokonzekera" yokhala ndi "mafunde" pakati pake, zomwe zimawoneka ngati zopangidwazo "zimanjenjemera."

Mu kanemayo, Sibson amatulutsa imelo yosangalatsa koma yosatsimikizika patsamba la KeelyNet.com kuyambira 1997. Imeloyo ikuwonetsa kuti akatswiri aku Egypt adapeza mafoloko akale okonzekera ndipo mwina adawatcha "osasangalatsa" pomwe samatha kudziwa cholinga chawo.

"Zaka zingapo zapitazo mnzake waku America adatenga loko la chitseko cholowera kuchipinda chosungiramo zinthu zakale ku Egypt chotalika mamita 8 m'litali mwake. Mkati mwake adapeza 'mazana' pazomwe adatcha 'mafoloko okonzekera.'

Izi zinali zazikulu kuyambira pafupifupi mainchesi 8 mpaka pafupifupi 8 kapena 9 kutalika kwake ndipo zimafanana ndi mphalapala, koma ndi waya wolimba womwe watambasulidwa pakati pamiyala ya foloko. ' Amanenanso, motsimikiza, kuti awa sanali achitsulo, koma 'zitsulo.'

Zinthu izi zimafanana ndi chilembo 'U' chokhala ndi chogwirira (pang'ono ngati foloko) ndipo, pomwe chingwecho chidadulidwa, chimanjenjemera kwa nthawi yayitali.

Ndimayamba kudzifunsa ngati zipangizozi zikanakhala kuti zinali ndi zomangira zolimba zomata zomata pansi pa dzanja lawo ndiponso ngati zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pocheka kapena kulembapo miyala, zitakhala kuti zayamba kugwedezeka. ”

Ngakhale imelo imangokhala umboni wosatsimikizika kwenikweni, zikuwoneka kuti zikutsimikizira zolemba za mafoloko osanja pa chifanizo cha Isis ndi Anubis, ndi waya wolumikizidwa pakati pamitengo.

Chotsatira, tikuwona chidindo chakale kwambiri cha Sumerian Cylinder chosonyeza chithunzi chokhala ndi foloko yomwe ikukonzekera. Monga mukuwonera zambiri, zikuwoneka kuti anthu akale amadziwa zambiri zamomwe zimamvekera ndikumvekera kuposa momwe tikumvera.

Lero, tikuphunzira njira zatsopano zowonera nyumba zakale. Archaeoaccoustics ikuwulula momwe mawu amathandizira pantchito yomanga malo padziko lonse lapansi. Pakadali pano, kafukufuku wa cymatics akuwulula momwe kugwedezeka kumasintha masamu azinthu m'njira zomveka komanso zosamveka. Kuphatikiza apo, zinsinsi zamakina a Quantum zikuwuluka pomwe tikupeza tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndikugwiritsa ntchito maumboni anzeru kuti tidziwe momwe zimagwirira ntchito.

Kodi titha kufikira mpaka pomwe tayamba kumvetsetsa momwe anthu akale padziko lapansi adakhalira zipilala zazikulu padziko lonse lapansi?