Zopezeka mu 1995, ma monolith ku Gobekli Tepe mwachidziwikire ndi chimodzi mwa zinsinsi zazikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi. Akapezeka, zimawoneka kuti adayikidwa dala mumchenga, pazifukwa zomwe sizikudziwika mpaka pano.
Chomwe sichikudziwikanso ndichakuti chibwenzi cha kaboni chimayerekeza kuti tsambalo lakhala ndi zaka pafupifupi 12,000! Kujambula moyenera komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga kumakhala kochititsa chidwi kwambiri. Pakadali pano 5% yokha yatsamba lino labwino kwambiri afukula. Akatswiri ofufuza zinthu zakale adakonza zoti zisawonongeke zambiri kuti zidzayang'anitsidwe ndi mibadwo yamtsogolo pomwe luso lazofukula m'mabwinja liyenera kuti lasintha.
Kupeza Kwa Gobekli Tepe:
Akatswiri ofufuza zinthu zakale ochokera ku Istanbul University ndi University of Chicago adapeza Gobekli Tepe mu 1963 pakafukufuku wakale. Koma sanaganize kuti ndi china kuposa manda akale. Adapeza phiri lokhala ndi miyala yamiyala yosweka ndipo sanadandaule kuyang'ana patali, zedi sipadzakhala kanthu kena koma mafupa ochepa omwe adzagonekedwe zaka zingapo zapitazo.
Mu 1994, Klaus Schmidt wa ku Germany Archaeological Institute, yemwe kale anali akugwira ntchito ku Nevalı Çori, anali kufunafuna malo ena oti afukulidwe. Adawunikiranso zolemba zakale za m'deralo, adapeza kufotokozera mwachidule za a Gobekli Tepe a 1963 ku Chicago, ndipo adaganiza zowunikiranso tsambalo. Atapeza nyumba zofananira ku Nevalı Çori, adazindikira kuthekera kwakuti miyala ndi miyala inali yakale. Chaka chotsatira, adayamba kufukula pamenepo mogwirizana ndi Museumanlıurfa Museum, ndipo posakhalitsa adafukula mzati woyamba wa zipilala zazikulu za T. Ichi chinali chiyambi chabe cha chimodzi mwa zinsinsi zazikulu kwambiri m'mbiri.
Gobekli Tepe - Gawo Losangalatsa La Mbiri:
Ili kumpoto chakumadzulo chakumadzulo kwa Mesopotamiya kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Turkey, Gobekli Tepe ndi nthano yomwe imafotokoza, phiri lakale lopangidwa ndi mamangidwe a zaka masauzande ambiri omanga pamwamba pa mabwinja a omwe adakhalapo kale.
Pamalo otsika kwambiri omwe amadziwika kuti Layer III, ntchito yake yofunikira kwambiri idayamba zaka 10,000 mpaka 11,000 BC, kumapeto kwa Ice Age. Inali nthawi yomwe idayambitsanso kulembedwa, zida zachitsulo komanso kugwiritsa ntchito magudumu m'derali zaka 6,000. Komabe, kudzera mu njira ya radiocarbon, kutha kwa Gawo Lachitatu kumatha kukhazikitsidwa pafupifupi 9000 BC.
Pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wosavuta kwambiri, omanga akalewo amagwiritsa ntchito zida zamiyala kupangira miyala yamiyala yayikulu kwambiri mzati iliyonse yolemera matani 11 mpaka 22. Kenako mazana a anthu amagwirira ntchito limodzi kusunthira nsanamira kulikonse kuchokera pa 100-500 mita kupita kumalo ovuta.
Pamalopo pamapezeka miyala ikuluikulu mozungulira yozungulira ngati mzati. Chipilala chilichonse chimakhala ndi miyala iwiri yopanga mawonekedwe a T. Nthawi zambiri, mizati isanu ndi umodzi, yolumikizidwa ndi makoma otsika, imayikidwa mozungulira chozungulira, ndipo zipilala ziwiri zazitali zimakhala pakati. Zipilala zazitali kwambiri zimakhala zazitali mamita 16, ndipo mphete zazikulu kwambiri ndizotalika 65 kutalika kwake. Pakadali pano, zipilala pafupifupi 200 zapezeka kukumbako.
Gobekli Tepe Gallery:
Gobekli Tepe - Kachisi Wakale Kwambiri M'mbiri Yaumunthu:
Ena mwa akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale amaganiza kuti malo okwera a Gobekli Tepe atha kukhala ngati malo azipembedzo nthawiyo. Padziko lonse lapansi komanso nthawi yayitali, anthu asangalala ndikupanga zipilala zazikulu. Kuti ndikupatseni lingaliro la Gobekli Tepe ali ndi zaka zingati, ganizirani mzerewu:
- 1644 AD: Ntchito yomanga Khoma Lalikulu la China idatha ndi kutalika kwathunthu kupitirira makilomita 20,000.
- 1400-1600 AD: Moai pachilumba cha Easter adamangidwa.
- 1372 AD: Nyumba Yotsamira, ku Pisa, Italy, idamalizidwa patatha zaka 200 ikumangidwa.
- 1113-1150 AD: Khmer yaku Southeast Asia idamanga kachisi wamkulu ku Vishnu, Angkor Vat.
- 200 AD: Pyramid of the Sun ku Teotihuacan, Mexico idamalizidwa.
- 220 BC: Ntchito yomanga Khoma Lalikulu ku China idayamba.
- 432 BC: "Apotheosis ya zomangamanga zakale zachi Greek," Parthenon, idamalizidwa.
- 3000-1500 BC: Pafupifupi zaka 5,000 zapitazo, gulu la openga a Neolithic Britons adanyamula miyala ikuluikulu ya matani anayi pamtunda wamakilomita 140 kuti amange Stonehenge ku Salisbury Plain.
- 2550-2580 BC: Manda a Farao Khufu, Pyramid Wamkulu wa Giza, adamalizidwa. Imakhalabe nyumba yayitali kwambiri yopangidwa ndi anthu mpaka 1311 pomwe Lincoln Cathedral ku England idamalizidwa.
- 4500-2000 BC: Pre-Celts adadula ndikuyika miyala yoposa 3,000 ku Carnac, France.
- 9130-8800 BC: Nyumba 20 zoyambirira zozungulira ku Gobekli Tepe zidamangidwa, makamaka kumapeto kwa Pleistocene kapena Ice Age.
Zinsinsi Zomwe Gobekli Tepe Adazisiya:
Gobekli Tepe, yomwe kwenikweni ndi nyumba zopangidwa ndi akachisi ambiri, iyenera kuti inali kachisi woyamba padziko lapansi wopangidwa ndi anthu. Umboni wopezeka pamalowo ukuwonetsa kuti unkagwiritsidwa ntchito pazipembedzo. Mizati yambiri yomwe ili pamenepo ndi ya T, mpaka 6 mita kutalika, ndipo ili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyama monga ng'ombe, njoka, nkhandwe, cranes, mikango, ndi zina zotere.
Chodabwitsa kwambiri ndichakuti zipilala zina zimalemera matani 40-60, ndikupangitsa kuganiza kuti zidatheka bwanji kuti amuna am'mbuyomu amange chipilala chotere pomwe zida zoyambira zidalibe. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wamabwinja, anthu am'nthawiyo amawoneka ngati osaka osagwiritsa ntchito zida zazing'ono zopangidwa ndi miyala ndipo sanakwaniritse mtundu uliwonse wamatekinoloje oyambira.
Kufunika kwa Gobekli Tepe ndikuti anthu omwe amakhala kumeneko anali otukuka kwambiri kuposa momwe amalingalira kale. Kupeza kwakukulu kumeneku kwakale kumangogwedeza 'kumvetsetsa kwathu kwachitukuko cha anthu' mpaka pachimake.
Pakadali pano, Astronaut Aororist akale apereka lingaliro lawo lokhutiritsa kuti anthu ochokera ku pulaneti lina akanatha kuthandiza anthu munthawi zakale izi ndikuwathandiza kupanga nyumba zochititsa chidwi izi osati ku Turkey kokha, koma m'maiko ambiri padziko lonse lapansi.
Kutsiliza:
Munthuyo amayenera kuti anali wosaka-zinthu zakale panthawi yomanga Gobekli Tepe. Kukhalapo kwa tsambalo kudalipo zomwe sayansi yaphunzitsa kuti ndizofunikira pakupanga china chake pamlingo monga zomangazi. Mwachitsanzo, tsambalo limapezeka masiku asanavomerezedwe pazopanga zaluso ndi zojambula. Zimanenedweratu kuti munthu adzagwire ntchito yazitsulo ndi zadothi koma zimawonetsa umboni wa zonsezi.
Vutoli silopezeka pamiyala ya Gobekli Tepe, makamaka, vuto lili pazomwe tataya, mbiri yathu yotayika. Tikayang'ana m'mbiri tidzapeza kuti pali masauzande azinthu zodabwitsa zomwe zidachitika kachigawo kakang'ono kwambiri ka mbiri ya anthu. Ndipo ngati tikhala pambali zojambula zamphanga (zomwe sizingapangitse kusiyana kwakukulu), kachigawo kamene olemba mbiri ndi asayansi akuwoneka kuti akudziwa mwina sikupitilira 3-10%.
Olemba mbiri yakale adapeza zolemba zakale zambiri mwatsatanetsatane. Ndipo chitukuko cha Mesopotamiya, chopangidwa ndi anthu omwe timawatcha Asumeriya, adagwiritsa ntchito kalembedwe zaka zoposa 5,500 zapitazo. "Anatomically Modern homo sapiens" kapena homo sapiens sapiens unalipo koyamba zaka 200,000 zapitazo. Chifukwa chake pazaka 200k za mbiri ya anthu, 195.5k alibe zikalata. Zomwe zikutanthauza pafupifupi 97% ya mbiri ya anthu yatayika lero. Ndipo Gobekli Tepe ndi gawo laling'ono koma lofunika kwambiri anataya mbiri.
